Network System Admin Interview Questions

leily

1. What are 10Base2, 10Base5 and 10BaseT Ethernet LANs
10Base2—An Ethernet term meaning a maximum transfer rate of 10 Megabits per second that uses baseband
signaling, with a contiguous cable segment length of 100
meters and a maximum of 2 segments.
10Base5—An Ethernet term meaning a maximum transfer rate of 10 Megabits per second that uses baseband
signaling, with 5 continuous segments not exceeding 100
meters per segment.
10BaseT—An Ethernet term meaning a maximum transfer rate of 10 Megabits per second that uses baseband
signaling and twisted pair cabling.

2. Explain the difference between an unspecified passive open and a fully specified passive open
An unspecified passive open has the server waiting for a connection request from a client. A fully specified passive
open has the server waiting for a connection from a
specific client.


3. Explain the function of Transmission Control Block
A TCB is a complex data structure that contains a considerable amount of information about each connection.


4. Explain a Management Information Base (MIB)
A Management Information Base is part of every SNMP-managed device. Each SNMP agent has the MIB database that
contains information about the device's status, its
performance, connections, and configuration. The MIB is queried by SNMP.


5. Explain anonymous FTP and why would you use it
Anonymous FTP enables users to connect to a host without using a valid login and password. Usually, anonymous FTP
uses a login called anonymous or guest, with the
password usually requesting the user's ID for tracking purposes only. Anonymous FTP is used to enable a large number
of users to access files on the host without having
to go to the trouble of setting up logins for them all. Anonymous FTP systems usually have strict controls over the areas
an anonymous user can access.


6. Explain a pseudo tty
A pseudo tty or false terminal enables external machines to connect through Telnet or rlogin. Without a pseudo tty, no
connection can take place.


7. Explain REX
What advantage does REX offer other similar utilities


8. What does the Mount protocol do
The Mount protocol returns a file handle and the name of the file system in which a requested file resides. The message
is sent to the client from the server after reception
of a client's request.


9. Explain External Data Representation
External Data Representation is a method of encoding data within an RPC message, used to ensure that the data is not
system-dependent.
10. Explain the Network Time Protocol ?


11. BOOTP helps a diskless workstation boot. How does it get a message to the network looking for its IP address and the location of its operating system boot files
BOOTP sends a UDP message with a subnetwork broadcast address and waits for a reply from a server that gives it the IP address. The same message might contain the name of the machine that has the boot files on it. If the boot image location is not specified, the workstation sends another UDP message to query the server.


12. Explain a DNS resource record
A resource record is an entry in a name server's database. There are several types of resource records used, including name-to-address resolution information. Resource records are maintained as ASCII files.


13. What protocol is used by DNS name servers
DNS uses UDP for communication between servers. It is a better choice than TCP because of the improved speed a connectionless protocol offers. Of course, transmission reliability suffers with UDP.


14. Explain the difference between interior and exterior neighbor gateways
Interior gateways connect LANs of one organization, whereas exterior gateways connect the organization to the outside world.


15. Explain the HELLO protocol used for
The HELLO protocol uses time instead of distance to determine optimal routing. It is an alternative to the Routing Information Protocol.


16. What are the advantages and disadvantages of the three types of routing tables
The three types of routing tables are fixed, dynamic, and fixed central. The fixed table must be manually modified every time there is a change. A dynamic table changes its information based on network traffic, reducing the amount of manual maintenance. A fixed central table lets a manager modify only one table, which is then read by other devices. The fixed central table reduces the need to update each machine's table, as with the fixed table. Usually a dynamic table causes the fewest problems for a network
administrator, although the table's contents can change without the administrator being aware of the change.


17. Explain a TCP connection table


18. Explain source route
It is a sequence of IP addresses identifying the route a datagram must follow. A source route may
optionally be included in an IP datagram header.


19. Explain RIP (Routing Information Protocol)
It is a simple protocol used to exchange information between the routers.


20. Explain SLIP (Serial Line Interface Protocol)
It is a very simple protocol used for transmission of IP datagrams across a serial line.

21. Explain Proxy ARP
It is using a router to answer ARP requests. This will be done when the originating host believes that a destination is local, when in fact is lies beyond router.

22. Explain OSPF
It is an Internet routing protocol that scales well, can route traffic along multiple paths, and uses knowledge of an Internet's topology to make accurate routing decisions.

23. Explain Kerberos
It is an authentication service developed at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Kerberos uses encryption to prevent intruders from discovering passwords and gaining unauthorized access to files.

24. Explain a Multi-homed Host
It is a host that has a multiple network interfaces and that requires multiple IP addresses is called as a Multi-homed Host.

25. Explain NVT (Network Virtual Terminal)
It is a set of rules defining a very simple virtual terminal interaction. The NVT is used in the start of a Telnet session.
26. Explain Gateway-to-Gateway protocol
It is a protocol formerly used to exchange routing information between Internet core routers.

27. Explain BGP (Border Gateway Protocol)
It is a protocol used to advertise the set of networks that can be reached with in an autonomous system. BGP enables this information to be shared with the autonomous system. This is newer than EGP (Exterior Gateway Protocol).
28. Explain autonomous system
It is a collection of routers under the control of a single administrative authority and that uses a common Interior Gateway Protocol.

29. Explain EGP (Exterior Gateway Protocol)
It is the protocol the routers in neighboring autonomous systems use to identify the set of networks that can be reached
within or via each autonomous system.

30. Explain IGP (Interior Gateway Protocol)
It is any routing protocol used within an autonomous system.

31. Explain Mail Gateway
It is a system that performs a protocol translation between different electronic mail delivery protocols.

32. Explain wide-mouth frog
Wide-mouth frog is the simplest known key distribution center (KDC) authentication protocol.

33. What are Digrams and Trigrams
The most common two letter combinations are called as digrams. e.g. th, in, er, re and an. The most common three letter combinations are called as trigrams. e.g. the, ing, and, and ion.

34. Explain silly window syndrome
It is a problem that can ruin TCP performance. This problem occurs when data are passed to the sending TCP entity in large blocks, but an interactive application on the receiving side reads 1 byte at a time.

35. Explain region
When hierarchical routing is used, the routers are divided into what we call regions, with each router knowing all the details about how to route packets to destinations within its own region, but knowing nothing about the internal structure of other regions.

36. Explain multicast routing
Sending a message to a group is called multicasting, and its routing algorithm is called multicast routing.

37. Explain traffic shaping
One of the main causes of congestion is that traffic is often busy. If hosts could be made to transmit at a uniform rate, congestion would be less common. Another open loop method to help manage congestion is forcing the packet to be transmitted at a more predictable rate. This is called traffic shaping.

38. Explain packet filter
Packet filter is a standard router equipped with some extra functionality. The extra functionality allows every incoming or outgoing packet to be inspected. Packets meeting some criterion are forwarded normally. Those that fail the test are dropped.

39. Explain virtual path
Along any transmission path from a given source to a given destination, a group of virtual circuits can be grouped together into what is called path.

40. Explain virtual channel
Virtual channel is normally a connection from one source to one destination, although multicast connections are also permitted. The other name for virtual channel is virtual circuit.

41. Explain logical link control
One of two sublayers of the data link layer of OSI reference model, as defined by the IEEE 802 standard. This sublayer is responsible for maintaining the link between computers when they are sending data across the physical network connection.

42. Why should you care about the OSI Reference Model
It provides a framework for discussing network operations and design.

43. Explain the difference between routable and non- routable protocols
Routable protocols can work with a router and can be used to build large networks. Non-Routable protocols are designed to work on small, local networks and cannot be used with a router

44. Explain MAU
In token Ring , hub is called Multistation Access Unit(MAU).

45. Explain 5-4-3 rule
In a Ethernet network, between any two points on the network, there can be no more than five network segments or four repeaters, and of those five segments only three of segments can be populated.

46. Explain the difference between TFTP and FTP application layer protocols
The Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP) allows a local host to obtain files from a remote host but does not provide reliability or security. It uses the fundamental packet delivery services offered by UDP.
The File Transfer Protocol (FTP) is the standard mechanism provided by TCP / IP for copying a file from one host to another. It uses the services offered by TCP and so is reliable and secure. It establishes two connections (virtual circuits) between the hosts, one for data transfer and another for control information.

47. Explain the range of addresses in the classes of internet addresses
Class A 0.0.0.0 - 127.255.255.255
Class B 128.0.0.0 - 191.255.255.255
Class C 192.0.0.0 - 223.255.255.255
Class D 224.0.0.0 - 239.255.255.255
Class E 240.0.0.0 - 247.255.255.255

48. Explain the minimum and maximum length of the header in the TCP segment and IP datagram
The header should have a minimum length of 20 bytes and can have a maximum length of 60 bytes.

49. Explain difference between ARP and RARP
The address resolution protocol (ARP) is used to associate the 32 bit IP address with the 48 bit physical address, used by a host or a router to find the physical address of another host on its network by sending a ARP query packet that includes the IP address of the receiver. The reverse address resolution protocol (RARP) allows a host to discover its Internet address when it knows only its physical address.

50. Explain ICMP
ICMP is Internet Control Message Protocol, a network layer protocol of the TCP/IP suite used by hosts and gateways to send notification of datagram problems back to the sender. It uses the echo test / reply to test whether a destination is reachable and responding. It also handles both control and error messages.

51. What are the data units at different layers of the TCP / IP protocol suite
The data unit created at the application layer is called a message, at the transport layer the data unit created is called either a segment or an user datagram, at the network layer the data unit created is called the datagram, at the data link layer the datagram is encapsulated in to a frame and
finally transmitted as signals along the transmission media.

52. Explain Project 802
It is a project started by IEEE to set standards that enable intercommunication between equipment from a variety of manufacturers. It is a way for specifying functions of the physical layer, the data link layer and to some extent the network layer to allow for interconnectivity of major LAN protocols.
It consists of the following:
802.1 is an internetworking standard for compatibility of different LANs and MANs across protocols.
802.2 Logical link control (LLC) is the upper sublayer of the data link layer which is non-architecture-specific, that is remains the same for all IEEE-defined LANs.
Media access control (MAC) is the lower sublayer of the data link layer that contains some distinct modules each carrying proprietary information specific to the LAN product being used. The modules are Ethernet LAN (802.3), Token ring LAN (802.4), Token bus LAN (802.5).
802.6 is distributed queue dual bus (DQDB) designed to be used in MANs.

53. Explain Bandwidth
Every line has an upper limit and a lower limit on the frequency of signals it can carry. This limited range is called the bandwidth.

54. Difference between bit rate and baud rate.
Bit rate is the number of bits transmitted during one second whereas baud rate refers to the number of signal units per second that are required to represent those bits. baud rate = bit rate / N where N is no-of-bits represented by each signal shift.

55. Explain MAC address
The address for a device as it is identified at the Media Access Control (MAC) layer in the network architecture. MAC address is usually stored in ROM on the network adapter card and is unique.

56. Explain attenuation
The degeneration of a signal over distance on a network cable is called attenuation.

57. Explain cladding
A layer of a glass surrounding the center fiber of glass inside a fiber-optic cable.

58. Explain RAID
A method for providing fault tolerance by using multiple hard disk drives.

59. Explain NETBIOS and NETBEUI
NETBIOS is a programming interface that allows I/O requests to be sent to and received from a remote computer and it hides the networking hardware from applications. NETBEUI is NetBIOS extended user interface. A transport protocol designed by microsoft and IBM for the use on small subnets.

60. Explain redirector
Redirector is software that intercepts file or prints I/O requests and translates them into network requests. This comes under presentation layer.

61. Explain Beaconing
The process that allows a network to self-repair networks problems. The stations on the network notify the other stations on the ring when they are not receiving the transmissions. Beaconing is used in Token ring and FDDI networks.

62. Explain terminal emulation, in which layer it comes
Telnet is also called as terminal emulation. It belongs to application layer.

63. Explain frame relay, in which layer it comes
Frame relay is a packet switching technology. It will operate in the data link layer.

64. What do you meant by "triple X" in Networks
The function of PAD (Packet Assembler Disassembler) is described in a document known as X.3. The standard protocol has been defined between the terminal and the PAD, called X.28; another standard protocol exists between hte PAD and the network, called X.29. Together, these three recommendations are often called "triple X"

65. Explain SAP
Series of interface points that allow other computers to communicate with the other layers of network protocol stack.

66. Explain subnet
A generic term for section of a large networks usually separated by a bridge or router.

67. Explain Brouter
Hybrid devices that combine the features of both bridges and routers.

68. How Gateway is different from Routers
A gateway operates at the upper levels of the OSI model and translates information between two completely different network architectures or data formats.

69. What are the different type of networking / internetworking devices
Repeater: Also called a regenerator, it is an electronic device that operates only at physical layer. It receives the signal in the network before it becomes weak, regenerates the original bit pattern and puts the refreshed copy back in to the link.
Bridges: These operate both in the physical and data link layers of LANs of same type. They divide a larger network in to smaller segments. They contain logic that allow them to keep the traffic for each segment separate and thus are repeaters that relay a frame only the side of the segment containing the intended recipent and control congestion.
Routers: They relay packets among multiple interconnected networks (i.e. LANs of different type). They operate in the physical, data link and network layers. They contain software that enable them to determine which of the several possible paths is the best for a particular transmission.
Gateways:
They relay packets among networks that have different protocols (e.g. between a LAN and a WAN). They accept a packet formatted for one protocol and convert it to a packet formatted for another protocol before forwarding it. They operate in all seven layers of the OSI model.

70. Explain mesh network
A network in which there are multiple network links between computers to provide multiple paths for data to travel.

71. Explain passive topology
When the computers on the network simply listen and receive the signal, they are referred to as passive because they don’t amplify the signal in any way. Example for passive topology - linear bus.

72. What are the important topologies for networks
BUS topology:
In this each computer is directly connected to primary network cable in a single line.
Advantages:
Inexpensive, easy to install, simple to understand, easy to extend.
STAR topology:
In this all computers are connected using a central hub.
Advantages:
Can be inexpensive, easy to install and reconfigure and easy to trouble shoot physical problems.
RING topology:
In this all computers are connected in loop.
Advantages:
All computers have equal access to network media, installation can be simple, and signal does not degrade as much as
in other topologies because each computer
regenerates it.

73. What are major types of networks and explain
Server-based network
Peer-to-peer network
Peer-to-peer network, computers can act as both servers sharing resources and as clients using the resources.
Server-based networks provide centralized control of network resources and rely on server computers to provide security and network administration

74. Explain Protocol Data Unit
The data unit in the LLC level is called the protocol data unit (PDU). The PDU contains of four fields a destination service access point (DSAP), a source service access point (SSAP), a control field and an information field. DSAP, SSAP are addresses used by the LLC to identify the protocol stacks on the receiving and sending machines that are generating and using the data. The control field specifies whether the PDU frame is a information frame (I - frame) or a supervisory frame (S - frame) or a
unnumbered frame (U - frame).

75. Explain difference between baseband and broadband transmission
In a baseband transmission, the entire bandwidth of the cable is consumed by a single signal. In broadband transmission, signals are sent on multiple frequencies, allowing multiple signals to be sent simultaneously.

76. What are the possible ways of data exchange
(i) Simplex (ii) Half-duplex (iii) Full-duplex.

77. What are the types of Transmission media
Signals are usually transmitted over some transmission media that are broadly classified in to two categories.
Guided Media:
These are those that provide a conduit from one device to another that include twisted-pair, coaxial cable and fiber-optic cable. A signal traveling along any of these media is directed and is contained by the physical limits of the medium. Twisted-pair and coaxial cable use metallic that accept
and transport signals in the form of electrical current. Optical fiber is a glass or plastic cable that accepts and transports signals in the form of light.
Unguided Media:
This is the wireless media that transport electromagnetic waves without using a physical conductor. Signals are broadcast either through air. This is done through radio communication, satellite communication and cellular telephony.

78. Explain point-to-point protocol
A communications protocol used to connect computers to remote networking services including Internet service providers.

79. What are the two types of transmission technology available
(i) Broadcast and (ii) point-to-point

80. Difference between the communication and transmission.
Transmission is a physical movement of information and concern issues like bit polarity, synchronization, clock etc. Communication means the meaning full exchange of information between two communication media.

[ 本帖最后由 leily 于 3-6-2007 18:04 编辑 ]

leily

1.  You have 20 servers that need to be updated named
server01,server02...server20.  Write a bash script to update all the
computers, assuming they all use ssh, with the account bozo.

Ans:

#!/bin/bash
user="bozo";
updatecmd="ls -l"; # put in rpm command here
errorfile="updatelog";
for i in `seq -w 20`
do
        ssh "${user}@server$i" $updatecmd || echo "Error on server $i >>
$errorfile";
done

The command seq -w 20 pads with the necessary zeros (01,02,03...09).  The ||
executes only the left side on success.  However, if the ssh fails, the
right side is executed and an error message to piped to the file.

2.  How do you findout whether a command is an aliases, bash function,
built-in like cd and type, or executable program?

Ans:

type -all yourcmd

3.  What is a zombie process and how do you find them?

Ans:

When a process creates a child process  "fork() command" and that child
process terminates, information about the child process (CPU time, memory,
etc.) exists for the parent to fetch. The parent can use the "wait" or
"waitpid"  to fetch this signal.  The child process becomes a zombie as soon
as it finishes; but, the SIGCHLD hasn't been caught.

ps -aux, will show all processes. Look for "Z" in that stat and defunct
under the command.

Note: wait may still produce zombies.  This can happen of child A
terminates, and it's signal has been caught.  While this signal is being
process child B terminates.  Since these signals won't queue, child B could
stay in the zombie state.  It's safer to use the waitpid call.

4.  How do you find the version of Linux running and the version of gcc
used?

Ans:
cat /proc/version

5.  How do you setup multiple IP address on one NIC (Network Interface
Card)...assume ethernet.

Ans:
Normally,    /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0  is the setup for the
first card.  To add additional IP addresses, create another file
"ifcfg-eth0:1" with the new IP address information in it.

6. What is an inode?

Ans:
The inode contains information about the file size, file location,
ownership, etc. Plus, it contains a pointer to the first few blocks of data
in the file.

7. What's the difference between a hard link and a soft link?

Ans:
hard link is created by the following command

$ln fileA fileB

fileA and fileB have the same inode.  How do you know this?  Issue the stat
command "stat fileA" and "stat fileB".

soft link is created by the following command
ln -s fileA fileC
Here fileC has a different inode than fileA.  However, this "different
inode" points to the same data as fileA.

One important note about hard links.  Editors like emacs will create a new
inode for a file. So if you edit the fileB above, you won't see the changes
in fileA.  Instead, that inode becames the backup.

8.  How do you create a file that even root can't remove?

Ans:
You't can't really; but, the "chattr +i file" command can make a file
immutable.  This file can't be removed until "chatt -i file" is performed.
True, even root can't remove a file with the immutable attribute set.  But,
root can unset this attribute, then, delete the file.


9. How do you find all the programs, and there location, using sockets or
pipes on your computer?

Ans:
"netstat -na" will give a list of listening connections; but, it doesn't do
an adequate job of listing the programs.  Instead, use
"lsof"



10. How do you create directory and subdirectories when the parent directory
may exist, in one command?  In other words, create the following directory
structure.
/home/user/one/two
The command should work whether /home/user exists or not.

Ans:
mkdir -p /home/user/one/two  The -p or "parents"  makes the parent directory
as needed.

Personal note:  You want interviewers to ask good questions.  If you get the
job it's a sign you'll be working with knowledgeable people.  And, if you
don't get the job, you'll at least learn from the interview process.

Other items to know:  What is a superblock and what kind of data is in it?
If someone talks about ext2 and ext3 filesystems, what are they most likely
running Debian or Redhat?  Using the find command, how do you find all files
with the immunitable attribute set?  How do you create a directory that's
sharable to a group, that by default, will have each file created as
sharable to a group.  What's an effective UID and how is it set?  How do you
pass and use a command variable to an awk script?  How can you easily print
quotes in an awk script?  Using a sed script print only the data betwee
"<start>.....</start>" in a file. How do you keep cron jobs from sending
mail on output?  How do you create a C like for loop in Bash?   How do you
find the length of an array in bash? Using the find command how do you find
directory names that "do not contain" a particular file?  Is the speed of
light constant in a vacuum and does light travel in a straight line?
Careful on this last one..don't let your formal education throw you off.

leily

1. What is a default gateway? - The exit-point from one network and entry-way into another network, often the router of the network.
   2. How do you set a default route on an IOS Cisco router? - ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 x.x.x.x [where x.x.x.x represents the destination address]
   3. What is the difference between a domain local group and a global group? - Domain local groups grant permissions to objects within the domain in which the reside. Global groups contain grant permissions tree or forest wide for any objects within the Active Directory.
   4. What is LDAP used for? - LDAP is a set of protocol used for providing access to information directories.
   5. What tool have you used to create and analyze packet captures? - Network Monitor in Win2K / Win2K3, Ethereal in Linux, OptiView Series II (by Fluke Networks).
   6. How does HSRP work?
   7. What is the significance of the IP address 255.255.255.255? - The limited broadcast address is utilized when an IP node must perform a one-to-everyone delivery on the local network but the network ID is unknown.

leily

CCNA questions


   1. As system administrator, you type “debug ipx sap” and receive the following lines as part of the IOS response: type 0×4, “HELLO2″, 199.0002.0003.0006 (451), 2 hops type 0×4, “HELLO1″, 199.0002.0003.0008 (451), 2 hops What does “0×4″ signify?
      * That is a Get Nearest Server response.
      * That it is a General query.
      * That it is a General response.
      * That it is a Get Nearest Server request.
      Correct answer: A
   2. To monitor IP igrp traffic, you can use “debug IP igrp transaction” or “debug IP igrp events”. How do you display information about IPX routing update packets?
      * debug routing
      * debug ipx transaction
      * debug ipx routing activity
      * debug ipx events
      Correct answer: C

   3. To monitor ipx traffic on a network, what command would you use?
      * debug ipx transaction
      * show ipx traffic
      * show ipx events
      * display ipx traffic
      Correct answer: B
   4. What command would you use to find out the names of Novell servers on a network?
      * show ipx servers
      * show ipx hosts
      * show ipx sap
      * show ipx nodes.
      Correct answer: A
   5. The “ipx delay number” command will allow an administrator to change the default settings. What are the default settings?
      * For LAN interfaces, one tick; for WAN interfaces, six ticks
      * For LAN interfaces, six ticks; for WAN interfaces, one tick
      * For LAN interfaces, zero ticks; for WAN interfaces, five ticks
      * For LAN interfaces, five ticks; for WAN interfaces, zero Ticks
      Correct answer: A
      The default is–for LAN interfaces, one tick; for WAN interfaces, six ticks
   6. As a system administrator, you need to set up one Ethernet interface on the Cisco router to allow for both sap and Novell-ether encapsulations. Which set of commands will accomplish this?
      * interface ethernet 0.1 ipx encapsulation Novell-ether ipx network 9e interface ethernet 0.2 ipx network 6c
      * interface ethernet 0 ipx encapsulation Novell-ether ipx network 9e interface ethernet 0 ipx encapsulation sap ipx network 6c
      * interface ethernet 0.1 ipx encapsulation Novell-ether interface ethernet 0.2 ipx encapsulation sap
      * interface ethernet 0.1ipx encapsulation Novell-ether ipx network 9e interface ethernet 0.2 ipx encapsulation sap ipx network 6c
      Correct answer: D
      The following commands setup the subinterfaces to allow for two types of encapsulation: interface ethernet 0.1 ipx encapsulation Novell-ether ipx network 9e interface ethernet 0.2 ipx encapsulation sap ipx network 6c
   7. What does the “IPX maximum-paths 2″ command accomplish?
      * It enables load sharing on 2 paths if the paths are equal metric paths.
      * It sets up routing to go to network 2.
      * It is the default for Cisco IPX load sharing.
      * It enables load sharing on 2 paths if the paths are unequal metric paths.
      Correct answer: A
      It enables load sharing on 2 paths if the paths are equal metric paths. The default is 1 path and the maximum is 512 paths.
   8. You want to enable both arpa and snap encapsulation on one router interface. How do you do this?
      * The interface can handle multiple encapsulation types with no extra configuration.
      * Assign two network numbers, one for each encapsulation type.
      * Enable Novell-ether to run multiple encapsulation types.
      * Both arpa and snap are enabled by default so you don’t have to configure anything.
      Correct answer: B
      To assign multiple network numbers, you usually use subinterfaces. A sample configuration follows: ipx ethernet 0.1 ipx encapsulation novell-ether ipx network 9e interface ethernet 0.2 ipx encapsulation sap ipx network 6c
      By default, Cisco routers forward GNS SAPs to remote networks.
      * False
      * True
      Correct answer: A
      GNS is Novell’s protocol to Get Nearest Server. If there is a server on the local network, that server will respond. If there isn’t, the Cisco router has to be configured to forward the GNS SAP.
   9. To prevent Service Advertisements (SAPs) from flooding a network, Cisco routers do not forward them. How are services advertised to other networks?
      * Each router builds its own SAP table and forwards that every 60 seconds.
      * Each router assigns a service number and broadcasts that.
      * SAPs aren’t necessary with Cisco routers.
      * Cisco routers filter out all SAPs.
      Correct answer: A
      Cisco routers build SAP tables and forward the table every 60 seconds. All SAPs can’t be filtered even with 4.x since NDS and time synchronization uses SAPs.
  10. Novell’s implementation of RIP updates routing tables every ____ seconds.
      * 60
      * 90
      * 10
      * 30
      Correct answer: A
      Novell’s RIP updates routing tables every 60 seconds, Apple’s RTMP is every 10 seconds, routers ARP every 60 seconds, IGRP signal every 90 seconds, and Banyan VINES signals every 90 seconds.
  11. In Novell’s use of RIP, there are two metrics used to make routing decisions. Select the two metrics.
      * Ticks.
      * Hops
      * Loops
      * Counts
      Correct answer: A &B
      It first uses ticks (which is about 1/18 sec.); if there is a tie, it uses hops; if hops are equal, then it uses an administratively assigned tiebreaker.
  12. What is the Cisco name for the encapsulation type used on a serial interface?
      * HDLC
      * SDLC
      * SAP
      * SNAP
      Correct answer: A
  13. “arpa” is used by the Cisco IOS for which encapsulation types?
      * Ethernet_II
      * Ethernet_802.3
      * Ethernet_802.2
      * Ethernet_SNAP
      Correct answer: A
  14. Novell’s IPX and Cisco’s IOS name their protocols differently. Cisco uses sap for Ethernet_802.2, Token-Ring, and Novell’s FDDI_802.2. Cisco uses snap for Ethernet_SNAP, Token-Ring_SNAP, and FDDI_SNAP. Cisco uses arpa for Ethernet_II and, finally the default is Novell-ether for Novell’s Ethernet_802.3. “snap” is used by the Cisco IOS for which encapsulation types?
      * Ethernet_SNAP
      * Token-Ring_SNAP
      * FDDI_SNAP
      * Novell-SNAP
      * Novell-FDDI.
      Correct answer: A,B &C
  15. Novell’s IPX and Cisco’s IOS name their protocols differently. Cisco uses sap for Ethernet_802.2, Token-Ring, and Novell’s FDDI_802.2. Cisco uses snap for Ethernet_SNAP, Token-Ring_SNAP, and FDDI_SNAP. Cisco uses arpa for Ethernet_II and, finally the default is Novell-ether for Novell’s Ethernet_802.3.15 “sap” is used by the Cisco IOS for which encapsulation types?
      * Ethernet_802.2
      * Token-Ring
      * FDDI_SNAP
      * Ethernet_802.3
      * FDDI_802.2
      Correct answer: A,B &E
  16. Novell’s IPX and Cisco’s IOS name their protocols differently. Cisco uses sap for Ethernet_802.2, Token-Ring, and Novell’s FDDI_802.2. Cisco uses snap for Ethernet_SNAP, Token-Ring_SNAP, and FDDI_SNAP. Cisco uses arpa for Ethernet_II and, finally the default is Novell-ether for Novell’s Ethernet_802.3. Which type of Ethernet framing is used for TCP/IP and AppleTalk?
      * Ethernet 802.3
      * Ethernet 802.2
      * Ethernet II
      * Ethernet SNAP
      Correct answer: D
      Ethernet 802.3 is used with NetWare versions 2 through 3.11, Ethernet 802.2 is used with NetWare 3.12 and later plus OSI routing, Ethernet II is used with TCP/IP and DECnet, and Ethernet SNAP is used with TCP/IP and AppleTalk.
  17. Which type of Ethernet framing is used for TCP/IP and DECnet?
      * Ethernet 802.3
      * Ethernet 802.2
      * Ethernet II
      * Ethernet SNAP
      Correct answer: C
      Ethernet 802.3 is used with NetWare versions 2 through 3.11, Ethernet 802.2 is used with NetWare 3.12 and later plus OSI routing, Ethernet II is used with TCP/IP and DECnet, and Ethernet SNAP is used with TCP/IP and AppleTalk.
  18. You are a system administrator on a NetWare network, you are running NetWare 4.11 and you cannot communicate with your router. What is the likely problem?
      * NetWare 4.11 defaults to 802.2 encapsulation.
      * NetWare 4.11 defaults to 802.3 encapsulation
      * Cisco routers only work with NetWare 3.11.
      * NetWare 3.11 defaults to 802.2 encapsulation.
      Correct answer: A
      The default encapsulation on Cisco routers is Novell Ethernet_802.3 and NetWare 3.12 and later defaults to 802.2 encapsulation, 3.11 and earlier defaults to 802.3.
  19. NetWare IPX addressing uses a network number and a node number. Which statements are true?
      * The network address is administratively assigned and can be up to 16 hexadecimal digits long.
      * The node address is always administratively assigned.
      * The node address is usually the MAC address.
      * If the MAC address is used as the node address, then IPX eliminates the use of ARP.
      Correct answer: A, C &D
      The network address can be up to 16 hexadecimal digits in length. The node number is 12 hexadecimal digits. The node address is usually the MAC address. An example IPX address is 4a1d.0000.0c56.de33. The network part is 4a1d. The node part is 0000.0c56.de33. The network number is assigned by the system administrator of the Novell network.
  20. Which NetWare protocol works on layer 3–network layer—of the OSI model?
      * IPX
      * NCP
      * SPX
      * NetBIOS
      Correct answer: A
      IPX (Internetwork Packet Exchange) is a NetWare network layer 3 protocol used for transferring information on LANs.
  21. Which NetWare protocol provides link-state routing?
      * NLSP
      * RIP
      * SAP
      * NCP
      Correct answer: A
      NetWare Link Services Protocol (NLSP) provides link-state routing. SAP (Service Advertisement Protocol) advertises network services. NCP (NetWare Core Protocol) provides client-to-server connections and applications. RIP is a distance vector routing protocol.
  22. As a system administrator, you want to debug igrp but are worried that the “debug IP igrp transaction” command will flood the console. What is the command that you should use?
      * debug IP igrp event
      * debug IP igrp-events
      * debug IP igrp summary
      * debug IP igrp events
      Correct answer: D
      The “debug IP igrp events” is used to only display a summary of IGRP routing information. You can append an IP address onto either command to see only the IGRP updates from a neighbor.
  23. What does the following series of commands accomplish? router igrp 71 network 10.0.0.0 router igrp 109 network 172.68.7.0
      * It isolates networks 10.0.0.0 and 172.68.7.0.
      * It loads igrp for networks 109 and 71.
      * It disables RIP.
      * It disables all routing protocols.
      Correct answer: A
      It isolates network 10.0.0.0 and 172.68.7.0 and associates autonomous systems 109 and 71 with IGRP. IGRP does not disable RIP, both can be used at the same time.
  24. In the command “router igrp 109″ what does 109 signify?
      * an autonomous system
      * any network number which the router is attached to
      * the allowable length of the routing table
      * the network socket number
      Correct answer: A
      The Cisco IOS global configuration command “router igrp xxx” is used to configure the Interior Gateway Routing Protocol. In this case, the 109 is called the process-id , which can also be used for an autonomous system number.
  25. IGRP supports a feature that allows traffic to be distributed among up to 6 (4 default) paths to provide greater overall throughput and reliability. What is this called?
      * unequal-cost load balancing
      * equal-cost load balancing
      * proportionate load balancing
      * low cost load balancing
      Correct answer: A
      An unequal-cost load balancing is used to provide alternate paths for data distribution on an internetwork. Cisco developed this method to use unused or under utilized links to increase bandwidth and network availability.
  26. IGRP uses flash updates, poison reverse updates, holddown times, and split horizon. How often does it broadcast its routing table updates?
      * 90 seconds
      * 10 seconds
      * 30 seconds
      * 45 seconds
      Correct answer: A
  27. The command “show IP protocol” displays which information?
      * routing timers
      * network information
      * contents of the IP routing table
      * information about all known network and subnetworks
      Correct answer: A & B
      “show IP protocol” displays routing timers and network information. “show IP route” displays the routing table with information about all known networks and subnetworks.
  28. When using RIP, routing updates are broadcast every ____ seconds.
      * 30
      * 10
      * 60
      * 90
      Correct answer: A
      Novell’s RIP updates routing tables every 60 seconds, Apple’s RTMP is every 10 seconds, routers ARP every 60 seconds, DECnet hosts and IGRP signal every 15 seconds, and Banyan VINES signals every 90 seconds.
  29. An autonomous system can only exist if all routers in that system meet which criteria?
      * interconnected
      * run the same routing protocol
      * assigned same autonomous system number
      * run IGRP only
      * run RIP only
      Correct answer: A,B &C
      An autonomous system is a set of routers and networks under the same administration. Each router must be interconnected, run the same routing protocol, and assigned the same autonomous system number. The network Information Center (NIC) assigns a unique autonomous system number to enterprises.
  30. A default route is analogous to a _________.
      * default gateway
      * static route
      * dynamic route
      * one-way route
      Correct answer: A
      A default route is analogous to a default gateway. It is used to reduce the length of routing tables and to provide complete routing capabilities when a router might not know the routes to all other networks.
  31. Routers can learn about destinations through static routes, default, or dynamic routing. By default, a router will use information derived from __________.
      * IGRP
      * RIP
      * IP
      * TCP
      Correct answer: A
      The quality of information is rated:
      Connected interface 0
      Static route 1
      IGRP 100
      RIP 120
      Unknown 255
      The lower the value, the more reliable the source with 255 signifying information that the router will ignore. So, the router will use IGRP, rated at 100, before RIP, rated at 120.
  32. You are logged into a router, what command would show you the IP addresses of routers connected to you?
      * show cdp neighbors detail
      * show run
      * show neighbors
      * show cdp
      Correct answer: A
  33. As a system administrator, you perform an extended ping at the privileged EXEC prompt. As part of the display, you see “Set DF bit in IP header? [yes] :” What would happen if you answered no at the prompt.
      * This lets the router fragment the packet.
      * It tells the router not to fragment the packet.
      * This lets the router direct the packet to the destination it finds in its routing table.
      * It tell the router to send the packet to the next hop router
      Correct answer: A
      “Set DF bit in IP header?” is a response to an extended ping at the router. If you answer yes (the default) the router will not fragment the packet. If you answer no, the router will fragment the packet.
  34. You have typed “ping” 172.16.101.1 and get the following display: Type escape sequence to abort. Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echoes to 172.16.101.1, timeout is 2 seconds:
      .!!!!
      What does the “.” signify?
      * That one message timed out.
      * That all messages were successful.
      * That one message was successful.
      * That one message completed in under the allotted timeframe.
      Correct answer: A
      The possible responses from the ping command are: ! Successful receipt of an echo reply. Timed out waiting for a reply U Destination unreachable C Congestion-experienced packet I Ping interrupted ? Packet type unknown & Packet TTL exceeded
  35. Which command, that is used to test address configuration, uses Time-To-Live (TTL) values to generate messages from each router.
      * trace
      * ping
      * telnet
      * bootp
      Correct answer: A
      The Cisco IOS EXEC command “trace [protocol] [destination]” is used to discover routes that packets will travel to their destination hosts. Trace uses TTL (Time to Live) values to report destination route information.
  36. What does the command “IP name-server 255.255.255.255″ accomplish?

      * It sets the domain name lookup to be a local broadcast.
      * This is an illegal command.
      * It disables domain name lookup.
      * The command is now defunct and has been replaced by “IP server-name ip any”
      Correct answer: A
      By default DNS is enabled on a router with a server address of 255.255.255.255, which provides for a local broadcast.
  37. As a system administrator, you need to provide your routers with a Domain Name System (DNS) server. How many DNS servers can you specify with one command?
      * 6
      * 1
      * 2
      * 4
      Correct answer: A
      You can only specify six name servers in one command. The syntax is “IP name-server server-address1 [[ server-address2 ]…server-address6]. You must also enable
      DNS.
  38. How would you configure one host name that points to two IP addresses?
      * IP host jacob 1.0.0.5 2.0.0.8
      * IP jacob 1.0.0.5 2.0.0.8
      * IP host jacob 1.0.0.5
      * IP host duplicate “all”
      Correct answer: A
      The correct syntax is IP host name [ TCP-port-number ] address [ address ]….. So, “IP host P1R1 1.0.0.5 2.0.0.8″ is the correct choice. “IP host jacob 1.0.0.5″ only points the host name jacob to one IP address–1.0.0.5.
  39. The following selections show the command prompt and the configuration of the IP network mask. Which two are correct?
      * Router#term IP netmask-format { bitcount | decimal | hexadecimal }
      * Router(config-if)#IP netmask-format { bitcount | decimal | hexadecimal }
      * Router(config-if)#netmask-format { bitcount | decimal | hexadecimal }
      * Router#ip netmask-format { bitcount | decimal | hexadecimal }
      Correct answer: A & B
      Router#term IP netmask-format { bitcount | decimal | hexadecimal } and Router(config-if)#IP netmask-format { bitcount | decimal | hexadecimal } are correct. You can configure the mask for the current session and you can configure it for a specific line.
  40. When configuring the subnet mask for an IP address, which formats can be used?
      * dotted-decimal.
      * Hexadecimal
      * Bit-count
      * Octal
      * Binary
      Correct answer: A, B &C
  41. You are given the following address: 153.50.6.27/25. Determine the subnet mask, address class, subnet address, and broadcast address.
      * 255.255.255.128, B,153.50.6.0, 153.50.6.127
      * 255.255.255.128, C,153.50.6.0, 153.50.6.127
      * 255.255.255.128, C,153.50.6.127, 153.50.6.0
      * 255.255.255.224, C,153.50.6.0, 153.50.6.127
      Correct answer: A
  42. You are given the following address: 128.16.32.13/30. Determine the subnet mask, address class, subnet address,
      and broadcast address.
      * 255.255.255.252, B,128.16.32.12, 128.16.32.15
      * 255.255.255.252, C,128.16.32.12, 128.16.32.15
      * 255.255.255.252, B,128.16.32.15, 128.16.32.12
      * 255.255.255.248, B,128.16.32.12, 128.16.32.15
      Correct answer: A
  43. You are given the following address: 15.16.193.6/21. Determine the subnet mask, address class, subnet address,
      and broadcast address.
      * 255.255.248.0, A, 15.16.192.0, 15.16.199.255
      * 255.255.248.0, B, 15.16.192.0, 15.16.199.255
      * 255.255.248.0, A, 15.16.199.255, 14.15.192.0
      * 255.255.242.0, A, 15.16.192.0, 15.16.199.255
      Correct answer: A
  44. You have an IP host address of 201.222.5.121 and a subnet mask of 255.255.255.248. What is the broadcast address?
      * 201.222.5.127
      * 201.222.5.120
      * 201.222.5.121
      * 201.222.5.122
      Correct answer: A
      The easiest way to calculate this is to subtract 255.255.255.248 (subnet mask) from 255.255.255.255, this
      equals 7. Convert the address 201.222.5.121 to binary–11001001 11011110 00000101 01111001. Convert the
      mask 255.255.255.248 to binary–11111111 11111111 11111111 11111000. AND them together to get: 11001001 11011110
  45. 01111000 or 201.222.5.120. 201.222.5.120 is the subnet address, add 7 to this address for 201.222.5.127 or
      the broadcast address. 201.222.5.121 through 201.222.5.126 are the valid host addresses.
  46. Given the address 172.16.2.120 and the subnet mask of 255.255.255.0. How many hosts are available?
      * 254
      * 510
      * 126
      * 16,372
      Correct answer: A
      172.16.2 120 is a standard Class B address with a subnet mask that allows 254 hosts. You are a network administrator and have been assigned the IP address of 201.222.5.0. You need to have 20 subnets with 5 hosts per subnet. The subnet mask is 255.255.255.248.
  47. Which addresses are valid host addresses?
      * 201.222.5.17
      * 201.222.5.18
      * 201.222.5.16
      * 201.222.5.19
      * 201.222.5.31
      Correct answer: A,B & D
      Subnet addresses in this situation are all in multiples of 8. In this example, 201.222.5.16 is the subnet, 201.22.5.31 is the broadcast address. The rest are valid host IDs on subnet 201.222.5.16.
  48. You are a network administrator and have been assigned the IP address of 201.222.5.0. You need to have 20 subnets with
  49. hosts per subnet. What subnet mask will you use?
      * 255.255.255.248
      * 255.255.255.128
      * 255.255.255.192
      * 255.255.255.240
      Correct answer: A
      By borrowing 5 bits from the last octet, you can. have 30 subnets. If you borrowed only 4 bits you could only have 14 subnets. The formula is (2 to the power of n)-2. By borrowing 4 bits, you have (2×2x2×2)-2=14. By borrowing 5 bits, you have (2×2x2×2x2)-2=30. To get 20 subnets, you would need to borrow 5 bits so the subnet mask would be 255.255.255.248.
  50. You are given the IP address of 172.16.2.160 with a subnet mask of 255.255.0.0. What is the network address in binary?
      * 10101100 00010000
      * 00000010 10100000
      * 10101100 00000000
      * 11100000 11110000
      Correct answer: A
      To find the network address, convert the IP address to binary–10101100 000100000 00000010 10100000–then ANDed it with the subnet mask–11111111 11111111 00000000 00000000. The rest is 10101100 00010000 00000000 00000000, which is 172.16.0.0 in decimal.
      The first octet rule states that the class of an address can be determined by the numerical value of the first octet.
  51. Which addresses are INCORRECTLY paired with their class?
      * 128 to 191, Class B
      * 192 to 223 Class B
      * 128 to 191, Class C
      * 192 to 223, Class C
      Correct answer: B & C
      Address classes are: 1 to 126, Class A; 128 to 191, Class B, 192 to 223, Class C; 224 to 239, Class D; and
  52. to 255, Class E. The first octet rule states that the class of an address can be determined by the numerical value of the first octet.
  53. Which addresses are INCORRECTLY paired with their class?
      * 1 to 126, Class A
      * 128 to 191, Class A
      * 1 to 126, Class B
      * 128 to 191, Class B
      Correct answer: B & C.
      Address classes are: 1 to 126, Class A; 128 to 191, Class B, 192 to 223, Class C; 224 to 239, Class D; and
  54. to 255, Class E. The first octet rule states that the class of an address can be determined by the numerical value of the first octet.
  55. Which addresses are INCORRECTLY paired with their class?
      * 240 - 255, Class D
      * 240 - 255, Class E
      * 224 - 239, Class D
      * 224 - 239, Class E
      Correct answer: A & D
      Address classes are: 1 to 126, Class A; 128 to 191, Class B, 192 to 223, Class C; 224 to 239, Class D; and 240 to 255, Class E.
  56. Which IP Address Class is INCORRECTLY paired with its range of network numbers?
      * Class A addresses include 192.0.0.0 through 223.255.255.0
      * Class A addresses include 1.0.0.0 through 126.0.0.0
      * Class B addresses include 128.0.0.0 through 191.255.0.0
      * Class C addresses include 192.0.0.0 through 223.255.255.0
      * Class D addresses include 224.0.0.0 through 239.255.255.0
      Correct answer: A
      Class A addresses include 1.0.0.0 through 126.0.0.0
      Class B addresses include 128.0.0.0 through 191.255.0.0
      Class C addresses include 192.0.0.0 through 223.255.255.0
      Class D addresses include 224.0.0.0 through 239.255.255.0
  57. Which IP Address Class can have 16 million subnets but support 254 hosts?
      * Class C
      * Class A
      * Class B
      * Class D
      Correct answer: A
      Possible Subnets IP Address Class Possible Hosts
  58. A 16M.
      64K B 64K
      16M C 254
  59. Which IP Address Class can have 64,000 subnets with 64,000 hosts per subnet?
      * Class B
      * Class A
      * Class C
      * Class D
      Correct answer: A
      IP Address Class Possible Subnets Possible Hosts
  60. A 16M
      64K B 64K
      16M C 254
  61. There are two processes to pair MAC address with IP addresses. Which process finds an IP address from a MAC address?
      * RARP
      * ARP
      * RIP
      * IGRP
      Correct answer: A
      ARP (Address Resolution Protocol) maps an IP address to the MAC address, RARP (Reverse Address Resolution Protocol) maps the MAC address to the IP address. ARP and RARP work at the internet layer of the Internet Model or the network layer of the OSI model.
  62. When the router runs out of buffer space, this is called ________.
      * Source Quench
      * Redirect
      * Information Request
      * Low Memory
      Correct answer: A
      Source quench is the process where the destination router, or end internetworking device will “quench” the date from the “source”, or the source router. This usually happens when the destination router runs out of buffer space to process packets.
  63. Which protocol carries messages such as destination Unreachable, Time Exceeded, Parameter Problem, Source Quench, Redirect, Echo, Echo Reply, Timestamp, Information Request, Information Reply, Address Request, and Address Reply?
      * ICMP
      * UDP
      * TCP
      * TFTP
      * FTP
      Correct answer: A
      ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol) is a network layer internet protocol described in RFC # 792. ICMP reports IP packet information such as destination Unreachable, Time Exceeded, Parameter Problem, Source Quench, Redirect, Echo, Echo Reply, Timestamp, Information Request, Information Reply, Address Request, and Address Reply.
  64. Two of the protocols that can be carried in the Protocol field of an IP packet are?
      * TCP
      * UDP
      * FTP
      * TFTP
      Correct answer: A & B
      The following are the fields in an IP segment,
      their length, and their definitions:
      VERS (Version number - 16 bits)
      HLEN (Number of 32-bit words in the header - 4 bits)
      Type of Server (How the datagram should be handled - 32 bits)
      Total Length (Total length of header and data - 32 bits)
      Identification (Provide fragmentation of datagrams to allow different MTUs in the internet - 4 bits)
      Flags (Provide fragmentation of datagrams to allow different MTUs in the internet - 4 bits)
      Frag Offset (Provide fragmentation of datagrams to allow different MTUs in the internet - 6 bits)
      TTL (Time-To-Live - 6 bits)
      Protocol (Upperlayer protocol sending the datagram - 16 bits)
      Header Checksum )Integrity check on the header - 16 bits)
      Source IP Address (32 bits)
      Destination IP Address (32 bits)
      IP Options (network testing, debugging, security and others - 4 bits)
      Data (4 bits).
  65. Where would network testing be included in an IP packet?
      * IP Options field
      * Identification field
      * Type of Service field
      * Reservation field
      Correct answer: A
      The following are the fields in an IP segment, their length, and their definitions:
      VERS (Version number - 16 bits)
      HLEN (Number of 32-bit words in the header - 4 bits)
      Type of Server (How the datagram should be handled - 32 bits)
      Total Length (Total length of header and data - 32 bits)
      Identification (Provide fragmentation of datagrams to allow different MTUs in the internet - 4 bits)
      Flags (Provide fragmentation of datagrams to allow different MTUs in the internet - 4 bits)
      Frag Offset (Provide fragmentation of datagrams to allow different MTUs in the internet - 6 bits)
      TTL (Time-To-Live - 6 bits)
      Protocol (Upperlayer protocol sending the datagram - 16 bits)
      Header Checksum )Integrity check on the header - 16 bits)
      Source IP Address (32 bits)
      Destination IP Address (32 bits)
      IP Options (network testing, debugging, security and others - 4 bits)
      Data (4 bits).
  66. What field tells the Internet layer how to handle an IP packet?
      * Type of Service
      * Identification
      * Flags
      * Frag Offset
      Correct answer: A
      The following are the fields in an IP segment, their length, and their definitions:
      VERS (Version number - 16 bits)
      HLEN (Number of 32-bit words in the header - 4 bits)
      Type of Server (How the datagram should be handled - 32 bits)
      Total Length (Total length of header and data - 32 bits)
      Identification (Provide fragmentation of datagrams to allow different MTUs in the internet - 4 bits)
      Flags (Provide fragmentation of datagrams to allow different MTUs in the internet - 4 bits)
      Frag Offset (Provide fragmentation of datagrams to allow different MTUs in the internet - 6 bits)
      TTL (Time-To-Live - 6 bits)
      Protocol (Upperlayer protocol sending the datagram - 16 bits)
      Header Checksum )Integrity check on the header - 16 bits)
      Source IP Address (32 bits)
      Destination IP Address (32 bits)
      IP Options (network testing, debugging, security and others - 4 bits) Data (4 bits).
  67. Which fields of an IP packet provide for fragmentation of datagrams to allow differing MTUs in the internet?
      * Identification
      * Flags
      * Frag Offset
      * Type of Service
      * Total Length
      Correct answer: A, B & C
      The following are the fields in an IP segment, their length, and their definitions:
      VERS (Version number - 16 bits)
      HLEN (Number of 32-bit words in the header - 4 bits)
      Type of Server (How the datagram should be handled - 32 bits)
      Total Length (Total length of header and data - 32 bits)
      Identification (Provide fragmentation of datagrams to allow different MTUs in the internet - 4 bits)
      Flags (Provide fragmentation of datagrams to allow different MTUs in the internet - 4 bits)
      Frag Offset (Provide fragmentation of datagrams to allow different MTUs in the internet - 6 bits)
      TTL (Time-To-Live - 6 bits)
      Protocol (Upperlayer protocol sending the datagram - 16 bits)
      Header Checksum )Integrity check on the header - 16 bits)
      Source IP Address (32 bits)
      Destination IP Address (32 bits)
      IP Options (network testing, debugging, security and others - 4 bits)
      Data (4 bits).
  68. Which processes does TCP, but not UDP, use?
      * Windowing
      * Acknowledgements
      * Source Port
      * Destination Port
      Correct answer: A & B
      UDP (User Datagram Protocol) does not use sequence or acknowledgement fields in transmission.
      UDP is a connectionless and unreliable protocol, since there is no delivery checking mechanism in the UDP data format.
  69. What is the UDP datagram format?
      * Source Port - 16 bits, Destination Port - 16 bits, Length - 16 Bits, Checksum - 16 bits, Data
      * Destination Port - 16 bits, Source Port - 16 bits, Length - 16 Bits, Checksum - 16 bits, Data
      * Source Port - 16 bits, Destination Port - 16 bits, Checksum - 16 Bits, Length - 16 bits, Data
      * Source Port - 8 bits, Destination Port - 8 bits, Length -8 Bits, Checksum - 8 bits, Data
      Correct answer: A
      The UDP format for a segment is as follows:
      Source Port 16 bits
      Destination Port 16 bits
      Length 16 bits
      Checksum 16 bits
      Data xx bits
  70. What is the function of DDR on Cisco routers?
      * DDR is dial–on-demand routing. It provides a continuous LAN only connection.
      * DDR is dial-on-demand routing. It provides routing for high volume traffic.
      * DDR is dial–on-demand routing. It provides a continuous WAN connection.
      * DDR is dial-on-demand routing. It provides routing for low volume and periodic traffic.
      Correct answer: D
      DDR is dial-on-demand routing. It provides routing for low volume and periodic traffic. It initiates a call to a remote site when there is traffic to transmit.
  71. What are the two types of access lists that can be configured on a Cisco router?
      * Standard
      * Extended
      * Filtering
      * Packet
      Correct answer: A & B
      The access lists are standard and extended. Standard access lists for IP check the source address of packets that could be routed. Extended access lists can check the source and destination packet plus check for specific protocols, port numbers, etc.
  72. When using access lists, what does a Cisco router check first?
      * To see if the packet is routable or bridgeable
      * The destination address
      * The source address
      * The packet contents
      Correct answer: A
      The first thing checked is to see if the packet is routable or bridgeable. If it is not, the packet will be dropped.
  73. How many access lists are allowed per interface?
      * One per port, per protocol
      * Two per port, per protocol
      * Unlimited
      * Router interface +1 per port.
      Correct answer: A
      Only one access list is allowed per interface. An access list must have conditions that test true for all packets that use the access list.
  74. What do the following commands accomplish?
      access-list 1 deny 172.16.4.0 0.0.0.255
      access-list 1 permit any interface ethernet 0
      IP access-group 1 out
      * This will block traffic from subnet 172.16.4.0 and allow all other traffic.
      * This will allow traffic from subnet 172.16.4.0 and block all other traffic.
      * All traffic is allowed.
      * All traffic is blocked.
      Correct answer: A
      This will block traffic from subnet 172.16.4.0 and allow all other traffic. The first statement “access-list 1 deny 172.16.4.0 0.0.0.255″ will deny access to the subnet 172.16.4.0.
  75. What do the following statements in an extended access list accomplish?
      access-list 101 deny TCP 172.16.4.0 0.0.0.255 172.16.3.0 0.0.0.255 eq 21
      access-list 101 deny TCP 172.16.4.0 0.0.0.255 172.16.3.0 0.0.0.255 eq 20
      access-list 101 permit TCP 172.16.4.0 0.0.0.255 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255
      * This will block ftp traffic.
      * This will block http traffic.
      * This will permit ftp traffic.
      * This will permit tftp traffic.
      Correct answer: A
      This will block ftp traffic since ftp uses ports 20 and 21.
  76. Access lists are numbered. Which of the following ranges could be used for an IP access list?
      * 600 - 699
      * 100 - 199
      * 1 - 99
      * 800 - 899
      * 1000 - 1099
      Correct answer: wer: B & C
      AppleTalk access lists use numbers in the 600 - 699 range. IP uses 1 - 99 for standard access lists or 100-199 for extended access lists. IPX uses 800 - 899 or 900 - 999 for extended access lists. IPX SAP filters use 1000 - 1099.
  77. Cisco routers use wildcard masking to identify how to check or ignore corresponding IP address bits. What does setting a wildcard mask bit to 0 cause the router to do?
      * It tells the router to check the corresponding bit value.
      * It tells the router to ignore the corresponding bit value.
      * It tells the router to check its alternate routing list.
      * It tells the router to use its primary routing list.
      Correct answer: A
      It tells the router to check the corresponding bit value.
  78. You are a system administrator and you want to deny access to a group of computers with addresses 172.30.16.0 to 172.30.31.0. Which wildcard mask would you use?
      * 0.0.15.255
      * 0.0.255.255
      * 0.0.31.255
      * 0.0.127.255
      * 0.0.255.255
      Correct answer: A
      0.0.15.255 will check the last 13 bits of an address so that computers 172.30.16.0 to 172.30.31.0 will be denied access. 0.0.31.255 would check the last 6 binary digits and deny access to addresses 172.30.32.0 to 172.30.63.0. 0.0.127.255 would check the last 7 binary digits and deny access to addresses 172.30.64.0 to 172.30.127.0. 0.0.255.255 would deny 172.30.0.0 to 172.30.254.0. If you write decimal 15 in binary, you have 0001111, the 1’s tell the router to ignore address with these bits set; 0’s tell the router to check the bits. The third octet for 172.30.16.0 is 00010000. The third octet for 172.30.31.0 would be 00011111. So, traffic from these addresses would be denied.
  79. In order to limit the quantity of numbers that a system administrator has to enter, Cisco can use which abbreviation to indicate 0.0.0.0?
      * host
      * any
      * all
      * include
      Correct answer: A
      Cisco uses host to specify 0.0.0.0. This tells the router to check all. Cisco uses any to specify 255.255.255.255. This tells the router to ignore all and permit any address to use an access list test.
  80. What do the following commands accomplish?
      access-list 1 permit 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255
      interface ethernet 0
      IP access-group 1 out
      interface ethernet 1
      IP access-group 1 out
      * Only traffic from the source network 172.16.0.0 will be blocked.
      * Only traffic from the source network 172.16.0.0 will be forwarded. Non-172.16.0.0 network traffic is blocked.
      * Non-172.16.0.0 traffic will be forwarded.
      * All traffic will be forwarded.
      Correct answer: B
      Only traffic from the source network 172.16.0.0 will be forwarded. Non-172.16.0.0 network traffic is blocked. The wildcard mask 0.0.255.255 tells the router to check the first 2 octets and to ignore the last 2 octets.
  81. When using access lists, it is important where those access lists are placed. Which statement best describes access list placement?
      * Put standard access lists as near the destination as possible. Put extended access lists as close to the source as possible.
      * Put extended access lists as near the destination as possible. Put standard access lists as close to the source as possible.
      * It isn’t import where access lists are placed since the router will read and cache the whole list.
      * Put access lists as close to corporate headquarters as possible.
      Correct answer: A
      Put standard access lists as near the destination as possible. Put extended access lists as close to the source as possible. Standard access lists don’t specify the destination address.
  82. As the system administrator, you enter the following commands at the command prompt:
      ipx routing
      access-list 800 permit 2b 4d
      int e0
      ipx network 4d
      ipx access-group 800 out
      int e1
      ipx network 2b
      int e2
      ipx network 3c
      What did these command accomplish?
      * Traffic from network 4c destined for network 4d will be forwarded out Ethernet0.
      * Traffic from network 3c destined for network 4d will be forwarded out Ethernet0.
      * Traffic from network 2b destined for network 4d will be forwarded out Ethernet0.
      * Traffic from network 4d destined for network 2d will be forwarded out Ethernet0.
      Correct answer: C
      Traffic from network 2b destined for network 4d will be forwarded out Ethernet0. The other interfaces E1 and E2 are not subject to the access list since they lack the access group statement to link them to access list 800.
  83. The following commands were entered at the command prompt of a Cisco router. What do they accomplish?
      access-list 1000 deny 9e.1234.5678.1212 4
      access-list 1000 permit -1
      interface ethernet 0
      ipx network 9e
      interface ethernet 1
      ipx network 4a
      interface serial 0
      ipx network 1
      ipx output-sap-filter 1000
      * File server advertisements from server 9e.1234.5678.1212 will not be forwarded on interface S0.
      * All other SAP services, other than file server, from any source will be forwarded on S0.
      * All other SAP services, other than print server, from any source will be forwarded on S0.
      * Print server advertisements from server 9e.1234.5678.1212 will not be forwarded on interface S0.
      Correct answer: A & B
      File server advertisements from server 9e.1234.5678.1212 will not be forwarded on interface S0. All other SAP services, other than file server, from any source will be forwarded on S0.
  84. You receive “input filter list is 800 and output filter list is 801″ as part of the output from a show interfaces command. What kind of traffic are you filtering?
      * IPX/SPX
      * TCP/IP
      * LocalTalk
      * DDR
      Correct answer: A
      Because the access list is numbered in the 800 range, you are filtering IPX/SPX traffic.
  85. Which service uses telephone control messages and signals between the transfer points along the way to the called destination?
      * Signaling System 7 (SS7)
      * Time-division Multiplexing (TDM)
      * X.25
      * Frame relay
      Correct answer: A
      Signaling System 7 (SS7) uses telephone control messages and signals between the transfer points along the way to the called destination. Time-division Multiplexing (TDM) has information from multiple sources and allocates bandwidth on a single media. Circuit switching uses signaling to determine the call route, which is a dedicated path between the sender and the receiver. Basic telephone service and Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) use TDM circuits. X.25 and Frame Relay services have information contained in packets or frames to share non-dedicated bandwidth. X.25 avoids delays for call setup. Frame Relay uses permanent virtual circuits (PVCs).
  86. Which service takes information from multiple sources and allocates bandwidth on a single media?
      * Time-division Multiplexing (TDM)
      * Signaling System 7 (SS7)
      * X.25
      * Frame relay
      Correct answer: A
  87. Which three devices can be used to convert the user data from the DTE into a form acceptable to the WAN service’s facility?
      * Modem
      * CSU/DSU
      * TA/NT1
      * CO
      * SS7
      Correct answer: A, B & C
      A modem, CSU/DSU (Channel Service Unit/Data Service Unit), or TA/NT1 (Terminal Adapter/Network Termination 1) can be used to convert the user data from the DTE into a form acceptable to the WAN service’s facility.
  88. What is the juncture at which the CPE ends and the local loop portion of the service begins?
      * Demarc
      * CO
      * Local loop
      * Last-mile
      Correct answer: A
      The demarcation or demarc is the juncture at which the CPE ends and the local loop portion of the service begins. The CO (Central Office) is the nearest point of presence for the provider’s WAN service. The local loop or “last-mile” is the cabling that extends from the demarc into the WAN service provider’s central office.
  89. You can access three forms of WAN services with Cisco routers. Select the three forms:
      * Switched or relayed services
      * Interface front end to IBM enterprise data center computers
      * Using protocols that connect peer-to-peer devices like HDLC or PPP encapsulation.
      * IPX/SPX
      * NetBEUI
      Correct answer: A, B & C
      You can access three forms of WAN services with Cisco routers. Switched or relayed services include X.25, Frame Relay, and ISDN. An interface front end to IBM enterprise data center computers includes SDLC. And, you can access the services of WAN providers using protocols that connect peer devices such as HDLC and PPP encapsulation. IPX/SPX and NetBEUI are LAN protocols.
  90. Select the fields for the Cisco HDLC protocol:
      * Flag, Address, Control
      * Flag, Address, Control, Protocol, LCP (Code, Identifier, Length, Data), FCS, Flag
      * Flag, Address, Control, Data, FCS, Flag
      * Flag, Address, Control, Proprietary, Data, FCS, Flag
      Correct answer: D
      The Cisco HDLC frame format is Flag, Address, Control Proprietary, Data, FCS, Flag. The PPP frame format is Flag, Address, Control, Protocol, LCP (Code, Identifier, Length, Data), FCS, Flag. The SDLC and LAPB format is Flag, Address, Control, Data, FCS, Flag.
      85: Select the physical interfaces that PPP can be configured on a Cisco router:
      * Asynchronous serial
      * HSSI
      * ISDN
      * Synchronous serial
      Correct answer: A, B, C & D
      All four of them can carry PPP traffic. HSSI is High Speed Serial Interface.
  91. Select the correct statements about PPP and SLIP for WAN communications?
      * PPP uses its Network Control Programs (NCPs) component to encapsulate multiple protocols.
      * PPP can only transport TCP/IP
      * SLIP can only transport TCP/IP.
      * SLIP uses its Network Control Programs (NCPs) component to encapsulate multiple protocols.
      Correct answer: A & C
      87a Which protocol for PPP LCP (Link Control Protocol) performs a challenge handshake?
      * CHAP
      * PAP
      * UDP
      * IPX
      Correct answer: A
      87b Which form of PPP error detection on Cisco routers monitors data dropped on a link?
      * Quality
      * Magic Number
      * Error Monitor
      * Droplink
      Correct answer: A
      The Quality protocol monitors data dropped on a link. Magic Number avoids frame looping.
  92. Which protocol for PPP provides load balancing across multiple links?
      * Multilink Protocol (MP)
      * Quality
      * Magic Number
      * Stacker
      * Predictor
      Correct answer: A
  93. As the system administrator, you type “ppp authentication chap pap secret”. Which authentication method is used first in setting up a session?
      * secret
      * PAP
      * CHAP
      * PPP/SLIP
      Correct answer: C
  94. Select the compression protocols for PPP?
      * Stac
      * Predictor
      * Quality
      * Magic Number
      Correct answer: A & B
  95. What are the three phases of PPP session establishment?
      * Link establishment phase
      * Authentication phase
      * Network layer protocol phase
      * Handshake phase
      * Dial-in phase
      Correct answer: A, B & C
  96. What is the default IPX Ethernet encapsulation?
      * SNAP
      * Arpa
      * 802.2
      * Novell-Ether
      * SAP
      Correct answer: D
  97. What must be true for two Routers running IGRP to communicate their routes?
      * Same autonomous system number
      * Connected using Ethernet only
      * Use composite metric
      D)Configured for PPP
      Correct answer: A
  98. The following is partial output from a routing table, identify the 2 numbers in the square brackets; ‘192.168.10.0 [100/1300] via 10.1.0.1, 00:00:23, Ethernet1′
      * 100 = metric, 1300 = administrative distance
      * 100 = administrative distance, 1300 = hop count
      * 100 = administrative distance, 1300 = metric
      * 100 = hop count, 1300 = metric
      Correct answer: C
  99. Identify 3 methods used to prevent routing loops?
      * Split horizon
      * Holddown timers
      * Poison reverse
      * SPF algorithm
      * LSP’s
      Correct answer: A B C
100. Which statement is true regarding full duplex?
      * Allows for transmission and receiving of data simultaneously
      * Only works in a multipoint configuration
      * Does not affect the bandwidth
      * Allows for transmission and receiving of data but not a the same time
      Correct answer: A
      Full duplex is just the opposite of half duplex. It handles traffic in both directions simultaneously.
101. Identify the switching method that receives the entire frame then dispatches it?
      * Cut-through
      * Receive and forward
      * Store and forward
      * Fast forward
      Correct answer: C
      Store and forward switching receives the entire frame before dispatching it.
      98Identify the purpose of ICMP?
      * Avoiding routing loops
      * Send error and control messages
      * Transporting routing updates
      * Collision detection
      Correct answer: B
      ICMP is used to send error and control messages. Ping uses ICMP to carry the echo-request and echo-reply.
      99Which statement is true regarding the user exec and privileged exec mode?
      * The ‘?’ only works in Privileged exec
      * They are identical
      * They both require the enable password
      * User exec is a subset of the privileged exec
      Correct answer: D
      The user exec mode is a subset of the privileged exec mode. Only a certain number of commands are available at the user exec mode.
102. Which OSI layer end to end communication, segmentation and re-assembly?
      * Network
      * Transport
      * Physical
      * Application
      * Data-Link
      * Presentation
      Correct answer: B
      Layer 4 the Transport layer performs this function.
103. What IP command would you use to test the entire IP stack?
      * Stack-test
      * Arp
      * Telnet
      * Ping
      * Trace
      Correct answer: C
      Because Telnet is an application and it resides at the top of the stack it traverses down the stack and up the stack at the receiving end.
104. Identify the 2 hardware components used to manage and/or configure a router?
      * Auxiliary port
      * ROM port
      * Management port
      * Console port
      Correct answer: A D
      The 2 hardware ports used to configure the router are the console and auxiliary ports.
105. What is the default bandwidth of a serial connection?
      * 1200 baud
      * 1.544 Mbps (T1)
      * 10 Mbps
      * 96Kpbs
      Correct answer: B
      The default bandwidth is T1.
106. Identify 2 functions of IPX access-lists?
      * Control SAP traffic
      * Limit number of Novell servers on a network
      * Limit number of workstations on a network
      * Block IPX traffic
      Correct answer: A D
      IPX access lists are used to restrict IPX traffic and SAP broadcasts.
107. Identify 2 HDLC characteristics?
      * Default serial encapsulation
      * Open standard
      * Supports Stacker compression
      * Supports point-to-point and multipoint
      Correct answer: A D
      HDLC is the default serial encapsulation and supports point-to-point and multipoint. It is not an open standard and does not support compression.
108. Identify 3 IP applications?
      * AURP
      * ARP
      * Telnet
      * SMTP
      * DNS
      * RARP
      Correct answer: C D E
      ARP and AURP are not part the application layer of the TCP/IP stack. SMTP - Simple Mail Transfer Protocol, Telnet, DNS - Domain Name Services (name to IP resolution).
109. Identify 3 LAN technologies?
      * FDDI
      * HDLC
      * HSSI
      * X.25
      * 802.3
      * 802.5
      Correct answer: A E F
      The question is asking for 3 LAN technologies, HDLC, HSSI and X.25 are all WAN technologies.
110. Identify the 4 that are not LAN technologies?
      * HDLC
      * FDDI
      * 802.5
      * HSSI
      * SDLC
      * Frame Relay
      Correct answer: A D E F
      802.5 and FDDI are LAN technologies
111. Which OSI layer supports the communication component of an application?
      * Data-Link
      * Physical
      * Session
      * Presentation
      * Application
      * Transport
      Correct answer: E
      Layer 7 the Application layer performs this function.
112. Identify the length of an IPX address and it’s components?
      * 80 bits, 48 bits network and 32 bits node
      * 32 bits, 16 bits network and 16 bits node
      * None of the above
      * 80 bits, 32 bits network and 48 bits node
      Correct answer: D
      IPX address has 2 components; network and node. The network address is 32 bits and the node is 48 bits, total of 80 bits.
113. Identify the administrative distance and appropriate routing protocol?
      * RIP = 255, IGRP = 100
      * RIP = 100, IGRP = 120
      * RIP = 1, IGRP = 0
      * RIP = 120, IGRP = 100
      Correct answer: D
      The administrative distance for RIP is 120 and IGRP is 100. The lower the AD the better the routing information.
114. Which OSI layer incorporates the MAC address and the LLC?
      * Data link
      * Network
      * Physcial
      * Transport
      Correct answer: ): A
      Layer 2 the Data-Link layer incorporates the MAC and LLC sublayers
115. If configuring a Cisco router to connect to a non-Cisco router across a Frame Relay network, which encapsulation type would you select?
      * Q933a
      * ISDN
      * IETF
      * CISCO
      * ANSI
      Correct answer: C
      There are two types of Frame Relay encapsulations; Cisco and IETF. IETF is required when connecting a Cisco to a non-Cisco router.
116. Identify the 2 items that TCP and UDP share in common?
      * Both use port numbers to identify upper level applications
      * Operate at the Network layer
      * Both are Transport protocols
      * Both are reliable communications
      Correct answer: A C
      TCP and UPD are both layer 4 Transport protocols and both use port number to identify upper level applications.
117. Identify 3 characteristics of IP RIP?
      * Distance vector
      * Administrative distance is 120
      * Periodic updates every 60 seconds
      * Uses a composite metric
      * Can load balance
      Correct answer: A B E
      IP RIP is a distance vector protocol, it can load balance up to 4 equal cost paths and it’s rating of trustworthiness is 120.
118. Which of the following is a layer 2 device?
      * Switch
      * Router
      * Repeater
      * Hub
      Correct answer: A
      A Hub and Repeater are layer 1 devices. A Router is a layer 3 device.
119. Identify the definition of demarcation?
      * Date in which the WAN service contract expires
      * Cabling which extends from the WAN service provider to the customer
      * Division of responsibility, where the CPE ends and the local loop begins
      * Equipment which is located at the customer premises
      Correct answer: C
      Demarcation is the point in which responsibility changes hands.
120. Identify the 3 key features of the Cisco Discovery Protocol?
      * Off by default
      * Will allow for the discovery of layer 3 addresses on neighbor routers
      * Verify connectivity
      * Open standard
      * Does not require any layer 3 protocols to be configured
      Correct answer: B C E
      CDP is used for 2 basic reasons; neighbor connectivity and layer 3 discovery if configured. It is proprietary and is on by default.
121. Identify the 3 characteristics of IPX RIP?
      * Distance vector
      * Does not support multiple paths
      * 60 second updates
      * Default encapsulation is SAP
      * Uses ticks and hop count as a metric
      Correct answer: A C E
      IPX RIP is a distance vector routing protocol, it does support multiple paths, the default encapsulation is ‘novell-ether’, it uses tick count as a primary metric and hop count as a tie breaker and it sends it’s updates every 60 seconds.
122. Identify the access-list range for an extended IP access-list?
      * 800 - 899
      * 1 - 99
      * 1000 - 1099
      * 100 - 199
      Correct answer: D
      IP extended access-lists use the number range of 100-199.
123. Identify the X.25 addressing standard?
      * X.121
      * X.25a
      * ITU-1
      * Q933a
      Correct answer: A
      The X.25 layer 3 addressing standards is X.121.
124. Identify 3 features of IGRP?
      * Composite metric
      * New horizon
      * Flash updates
      * 60 periodic updates
      * Poison reverse
      Correct answer: A C E
      IGRP uses a composite metric made up of bandwidth and delay by default, it updates every 60 seconds and will trigger an update if the topology changes.
125. Where is the backup configuration file stored?
      * RAM
      * ROM
      * Console
      * NVRAM
      Correct answer: D
      One location to store the backup configuration is NVRAM.
126. Identify the correct pair of Novell Ethernet encapsulation and Cisco terminology?
      * Ethernet II, Snap
      * Ethernet 802.3, Novell-Ether
      * Ethernet SNAP, Arpa
      * Ethernet 802.2, Snap
      Correct answer: B
      The default IPX LAN encapsulation is Novell-Ether which is 802.3
127. Identify 3 characteristics regarding IP access-lists?
      * Can be configured as a standard access-list
      * Can be run from another router running IP
      * Can be configured as a named access-list
      * Are the same as IPX access-lists
      * Can be configured as an extended access-list
      Correct answer: A C E
      There are 3 types of IP access-lists; standard, extended and named. Named access-lists can be either standard or extended depending on how they are configured.
128. Identify 3 ways in which a router can be configured?
      * TFTP
      * Nvram
      * Ping
      * Console
      * Trace
      Correct answer: A B D
      Changes to the configuration can be entered via the console, a config stored in NVRAM or on a TFTP server. Trace and ping are tools to verify connectivity.
129. A traffic light is an example of what type of mechanism?
      * Collision detection
      * Flow control
      * Sequence numbering
      * Network management
      Correct answer: B
      A Traffic light is an example of flow control.
130. Windowing is a type of?
      * Negative acknowledgement
      * Address resolution
      * Layer transition mechanism
      * Flow control
      Correct answer: D
      Windowing allow the sender and receiver to dictate how much information that can be received prior to an acknowledgement. It is a form of flow control.
131. Identify the 2 types of access-list filters that control SAP traffic?
      * Novell-ether
      * Arpa
      * Input-sap-filter
      * Round-robin
      * Output-sap-filter
      Correct answer: C E
      SAP’s can be blocked by 2 methods; inbound and outbound.
132. Identify the 3 guidelines for routers in the same autonomous system?
      * Must be configured for IGRP or RIP
      * Interconnected
      * Assigned the same autonomous system number
      * Configured for the same routing protocol
      * Must be same model of router
      Correct answer: B C D
      Autonomous system must be interconnected, assigned the same AS # and configured with the same routing protocol.
133. Identify the hardware component used to store buffers, tables, running-configuration etc?
      * NVRAM
      * ROM
      * RAM
      * Flash
      Correct answer: C
      RAM is the dynamic memory area. ROM contains the boot strap code, NVRAM contains the startup-config and Flash contains the IOS.
134. Identify 3 UDP characteristics?
      * Reliable communication protocol
      * Applications that use UDP must incorporate reliability
      * Connection-less oriented
      * Incorporates no handshaking
      Correct answer: B C D
      UPD is a layer 4 Transport protocol. It is connection-less because it does establish a connection therefore the 3 step handshake is not needed, it does NOT implement any flow control or acknowledgments. Any application that uses UDP must incorporate any needed reliability.
135. Identify the IPX standard access-list number range?
      * 600 - 699
      * 1000 - 1099
      * 1 - 99
      * 100 - 199
      * 800 - 899
      Correct answer: E
      IPX standard access-list range is 800-899.
136. Which OSI layer provides best effort end to end packet delivery?
      * Data-Link
      * Presentation
      * Network
      * Transport
      * Physical
      * Application
      Correct answer: C
      Layer 3 the Network layer performs this function.
137. Identify the 2 methods to modify the routers boot sequence?
      * Setup program
      * Boot system commands
      * RXBoot
      * Config-register
      Correct answer: B D
      ‘Boot system’ command the ‘config-register’ are used to manipulate the boot sequence.
138. Identify the 3 pieces of hardware you would not install to prevent broadcasts?
      * Switch
      * Repeater
      * Bridge
      * Router
      Correct answer: A B C
      Router are implemented not only to break up networks into smaller segments but they are used to block broadcasts.
139. Identify 2 features of PPP PAP authentication?
      * Username and password is sent in clear text
      * Authentication messages are sent periodically during the connection
      * More secure than CHAP
      * Remote node is control of authentication process
      Correct answer: A D
      PPP PAP authentication sends the username and passwords in clear text and the remote node initiates the authentication process.
140. Identify the switching method that examines the destination MAC address as the frame is being received then begins forwarding the frame prior to receiving the entire frame?
      * Fragment-free
      * Store and Forward
      * Cut-through
      * Fast forward
      Correct answer: C
      Cut through examines the destination MAC address and begins forwarding the frame prior to receiving the entire frame.
141. Identify 1 characteristic of RARP?
      * IP to MAC address translation
      * Connectionless delivery of packets
      * Can be used to initiate remote O/S load sequence
      * Generates error and control messages
      Correct answer: C
      Reverse Address Resolution Protocol is used to obtain a layer 3 address if the MAC address is known which then facilitates the loading of the O/S.
142. Identify the protocol to test connectivity without configuring any layer 3 protocols?
      * TCP
      * Ping
      * IP
      * CDP
      * Telnet
      Correct answer: D
      CDP can be used to verify connectivity prior to any layer 3 protocols being configured.
143. LMI operates between the Frame Switch and what other device?
      * CPE device
      * Another Frame Switch
      * X.25 switch
      * Novell File Server
      Correct answer: A
      LMI stands for local management interface. It operates between the Frame Relay switch and the customer equipment.
144. Identify IPX SAP and it’s purpose?
      * Sonet Access Pipe - interface to Sonet ring
      * Service Advertising Protocol - advertise services
      * Server Appletalk Protocol - appletalk directory services
      * Service Access Point - identify upper layer protocols
      Correct answer: B
      SAP is an Novell protocol to advertise services.
145. Identify the default values that make up IGRP’s composite metric?
      * Bandwidth
      * Load
      * Reliability
      * MTU
      * Delay
      Correct answer: A E
      IGRP can be configured to use all 5 within it’s metric. By default it uses bandwidth and delay.
146. Identify the default serial encapsulation?
      * ISDN
      * HDLC
      * SDLC
      * Frame Relay
      * PPP
      Correct answer: B
      The default serial encapsulation is HDLC.
147. Identify the purpose of ARP?
      * Avoiding routing loops
      * Determining a workstation’s IP address
      * Sending a directed broadcast
      * Determining a workstation’s MAC address
      Correct answer: D
      ARP is used to find a devices MAC address given an IP address.
148. What is the purpose of the DLCI?
      * Identifies the remote routers
      * Contained with a 802.2 frame for routing purposes
      * Used with PPP during authentication
      * Identifies the PVC in a Frame Relay network
      Correct answer: D
      DLCI stands for Data Link Connection Identifier. It identifies the local PVC.
149. Identify 3 characteristics of the Network layer (OSI layer 3)?
      * Connection oriented
      * Path determination
      * Supports multiplexing
      * Manages sessions
      * Packet forwarding
      Correct answer: B C E
      The network layer is responsible for routing which entails learning the paths, selecting the best path and forwarding the packet. Because it services multiple layer 4 protocols it multiplexes.
150. Identify 3 characteristics of switches?
      * Increase available bandwidth
      * Decrease broadcast traffic
      * Support full duplex in a multipoint topology
      * Make forwarding decision using MAC address
      * Create collision domains
      Correct answer: A D E
      Switches operate at layer 2. They increase bandwidth by reducing the number of devices sharing the media. They isolate collisions. Like a bridge they forward traffic based upon layer 2 address/ MAC address.
151. Which OSI layer handles physical address, network topology?
      * Presentation
      * Physical
      * Transport
      * Application
      * Data-Link
      * Network
      Correct answer: E
      Layer 2 the Data-Link layer performs this function.
152. Identify 2 reasons for disabling CDP?
      * If the router is not configured for RIP
      * Save bandwidth by eliminating overhead
      * If the router is configured for Appletalk
      * When connected to a non-Cisco router
      Correct answer: B D
      CDP can be disabled here are a couple of reasons. Connecting a Cisco router to a non-Cisco router. Don’t want to exchange CDP information to save bandwidth.
153. Identify 3 characteristics of ISDN?
      * Transports voice and data
      * Transports voice only
      * Support both BRI and PRI
      * Runs over existing phone lines
      * Same as X.25
      Correct answer: A C D
      ISDN supports voice, data, and video. It runs over existing phone lines and supports 128K (BRI) and T1 (PRI).
154. Identify the 3 characteristics of IGRP?
      * Uses hop count as a metric
      * Supports multiple unequal paths
      * Administrative distance is 100
      * Configured with an Autonomous system number
      * Link state
      Correct answer: B C D
      IGRP is a distance vector routing protocol, it’s degree of trustworthiness is 100, it can support up to 6 un-equal paths and must be configured with an autonomous system number.
155. Identify 2 features of PPP CHAP authentication?
      * Username and password is sent in clear text
      * Authentication messages are sent periodically during the connection
      * Less secure then PAP
      * Local router ‘challenges’ the remote router
      Correct answer: B D
      PPP CHAP authentication message are sent periodically during the connection by challenging the other end of the connection.
      It is more secure than PAP and passwords and username are encrypted.
156. Identify the default IPX serial encapsulation?
      * Novell-Ether
      * SDLC
      * SNAP
      * HDLC
      Correct answer: D
      The default IPX serial encapsulation is HDLC.
157. Identify the hardware component that stores the backup configuration?
      * RAM
      * NVRAM
      * Flash
      * ROM
      Correct answer: B
      NVRAM contains the backup config. RAM is the dynamic memory area, ROM contains the boot strap code and Flash contains the IOS.
158. Identify the extended IP access-list number range?
      * 600 - 699
      * 1 - 99
      * 900 - 999
      * 100 - 199
      Correct answer: D
      The extended IP access-list range is 100-199.
159. Identify 3 Fast Ethernet technologies?
      * 100 Base FastEther
      * 100 Base FX
      * 100 Base T4
      * 100 Base TX
      Correct answer: B C D
160. BaseFastEther is false. 100 Base FX, TX and T4 are all valid.
161. Identify the OSI layer which is responsible for end-to-end connections?
      * Network
      * Transport
      * Session
      * Data link
      * TCP
      Correct answer: B
      Layer 4 is the Transport layer and is responsible for end-to-end connections.
162. Identify the 2 characteristics regarding MAC addresses?
      * Contains a network portion and host portion
      * Always assigned by System Administrator
      * 48 bits long
      * Contains a vendor code and serial number
      Correct answer: C D
      MAC addresses are assigned by the vendor. Each MAC address is 48 bits long and made up of 24 bits vendor code and 24 bits serial number.
163. Identify the number range for IPX SAP filters?
      * 900 - 999
      * 1000 - 1099
      * 800 -899
      * 100 - 199
      Correct answer: B
      The IPX SAP filtering range is 1000-1099.
164. What is the purpose of ARP?
      * IP to host name resolution
      * Host name to IP address resolution
      * Mac to IP address resolution
      * IP to Mac address resolution
      Correct answer: D
      Address Resolution Protocol resolves the MAC address if the IP address is known. It is a layer 3 protocol.
165. Which OSI layer establishes, maintains and terminates sessions between hosts?
      * Application
      * Physical
      * Data-Link
      * Presentation
      * Network
      * Session
      Correct answer: F
      Layer 5 the Session layer performs this function.
166. Which statement is true regarding Administrative distance?
      * It is a metric
      * Number of hops between two routers
      * Trustworthiness of the routing information
      * RIP Administrative distance is 100
      Correct answer: C
      Administrative distance is rating of trustworthiness of the routing information. The lower the AD the better the information.
167. Identify the purpose of the Ping command?
      * Share routing information with a neighbor router
      * Transmit user data when buffers are full
      * Test connectivity at layer 3
      * Test entire protocol stack
      Correct answer: C
      The ping command tests layer 3 connectivity.
168. Identify the order of the 5 step encapsulation?
      1. Create the segment
      2. Convert the frame to bits
      3. Create the packet
      4. Create the frame
      5. User creates the data
      * 1,2,4,2,5
      * 2,1,3,4,5
      * 5,1,3,4,2
      * 5,3,4,1,2
      Correct answer: C
      Cisco 5 step encapsulation.
      1) User creates Data
      2) Data is converted into a segment at layer 4
      3) The segment is converted to packet at layer 3
      4) The packet it converted into a frame at layer 2
      5) The frame is converted into bits at layer 1
169. The Cisco IOS is stored where?
      * ROM
      * CD
      * Flash
      * NVRAM
      Correct answer: C
      By default the Cisco IOS is stored in flash.
170. Sequence and acknowledgement numbers are used for?
      * Layer transitioning
      * Flow control
      * Port number addressing
      * Reliability
      Correct answer: D
      TCP uses sequence numbers and acknowledgements to implement reliability.
171. Identify IPX GNS and it’s purpose?
      * Go Network Server - sends a print job to a network server
      * Get Nearest Server - locate the nearest server
      * Guaranteed Network Services - allocates resources to users
      * Get Notes Server - locates Domino Server
      Correct answer: B
      GNS stands for Get Nearest Server, initiated by a workstation.
172. Identify the true statement regarding subnetting?
      * Allows for more host address
      * Borrow bits from the network portion of the address
      * Allows for unlimited number of networks
      * Borrow bits from the host portion of the address
      Correct answer: D
      Subnetting involves borrowing bits for the host portion of the address to be used to subnet addressing.
173. Inverse ARP serves what purpose?
      * Method for a local router to introduce itself to the remote end of the connection
      * Broadcast a routing table update
      * Identify MAC addresses if the IP address is known
      * Sent every 10 seconds used to verify the Frame Switch is still active
      Correct answer: A
      Inverse ARP operates in a Frame Relay network so the two end points can identify themselves to each other.
174. Identify 3 characteristics of a MAC address?
      * Burned into the NIC
      * 48 bits long
      * Length is 32 bits
      * Used to deliver the frame to the end device
      * Contains a network portion and a host portion
      Correct answer: A B D
      The MAC address is 48 bits long not 32. It does NOT contain a network and host portion with the address. It is used to deliver the frame to the destination device.
175. Identify 3 IP routing protocols?
      * RIP
      * AURP
      * OSPF
      * IGRP
      * ARP
      * ICMP
      Correct answer: A C D
      AURP and ICMP are not routing protocols.
176. Identify the type of routing protocol that exchanges entire routing tables at regular intervals?
      * Link state
      * Interior gateway protocols
      * Appletalk routing
      * Distance vector
      Correct answer: D
      Distance Vector routing protocols exchange entire routing tables with it’s neighbors. Link State routing protocols exchange LSP’s to share information regarding the networks they know.
177. Identify the type of hardware required to connect a Token ring network to an Ethernet network?
      * Repeater
      * TR-Enet
      * Router
      * Token Ring to Ethernet translation hub
      Correct answer: C
      Routers are used to connect dissimilar networks with different access-methods, like connecting Token Ring to Ethernet.
178. Identify 3 characteristics regarding CDP?
      * On by default
      * Shows only directly connected neighbors
      * Requires IP or IPX
      * 60 second update interval by default
      * 30 second updates interval by default
      Correct answer: A B D
      CDP stands for Cisco Discovery Protocol. It is used to discover directly connected neighbors, it is on by default and has a 60 second update interval by default.
179. Identify 2 transport layer protocols?
      * IP
      * TCP
      * CDP
      * ARP
      * UDP
      Correct answer: B E
      TPC and UDP are 2 layer4 Transport protocols.
180. Identify 2 features of X.25?
      * Supports only IP
      * Utilizes switched and permanent virtual circuits
      * Contains minimal flow control and error recovery
      * Utilizes LAPB as it’s data-link protocol
      Correct answer: B D
      X.25 utilizes LAPB and uses switched and permanent VC’s. It supports multiple layer protocols and is heavy laden with error detection and correction mechanisms.
181. Identify the purpose of the Trace command?
      * Explorer packet transmitting routing information
      * Test connectivity
      * Determine the path a packet is taking through the network
      * Transmits user data when buffers are full
      Correct answer: C
      The trace command is used to determine the path a packet has taken through the network.
182. Identify the purpose of the TCP 3 step handshake?
      * Setup a un-reliable connection
      * Initialize routing tables
      * Synchronize sequence numbers between hosts
      * Connection tear down process
      Correct answer: C
      The 3 step handshake establishes the parameters required for a TCP connection. During the handshake process sequence numbers are synchronized allowing for the end points to properly acknowledge and re-assemble the segments.
183. Identify 2 PPP characteristics?
      * Is proprietary to Cisco
      * Supports authentication
      * Support compression
      * Run on a multi-access network
      Correct answer: B C
      PPP supports authentication; PAP and CHAP. It also supports compression; Stacker and Predictor.

leily

# Identify the OSI layer associated with bits?
* Physical
* Network
* Binary
* Data link
Correct answer: A
The Physical layer converts the frames to bits.
# Identify the type of routing protocol that maintains a topological database of the network?
* Topological state
* Shortest Path First
* Link state
* Distance vector
Correct answer: C
Link State routing protocols maintain a database that lists all the networks in the internetwork.
# Identify the 3 major functions at layer 3 of the OSI model?
* Forwarding process
* Logical addressing
* End-to-end connections
* Path selection
* MAC address examination
* Network monitoring
Correct answer: A B D
Layer 3 determines the path, forwards the packet and implements software or logical addressing.
# Identify the 2 rules used when configuring a Distance Vector routing protocol?
* Physically connected network(s)
* Configure the classful address, no subnets
* Enable CDP so neighbors can be detected
* Configure all networks in Area0
Correct answer: A B
When configuring a Distance Vector routing protocol only assign the physically connected networks with the classful address only.
# Identify 3 characteristics of an IP address?
* Contains a network portion and a host portion
* 32 bits long
* Unique to each network
* Part of the default Cisco configuration
* Referred to as the hardware address
Correct answer: A B C
An IP address is 32 bits long, it is referred as the logical or software address. It contains a network and host portion. Each IP address is unique.
# Identify 3 feature of access-lists?
* Implicit deny will deny any packets not matched
* Processed sequentially from bottom to top
* Processed sequentially from top to bottom
* If a packet is denied it would be tested against the remaining statements in the access-list
* Once a match is made the packet is either denied or permitted
* Enabled on all interfaces by default
Correct answer: A C E
Access-list are processed from top to bottom, once a match occurs the packet is either denied or permitted and is no longer tested and if no match occurs the packet is denied via the implicit deny.
# Which OSI layer performs code conversion, code formatting and encryption?
* Physical
* Data-Link
* Application
* Transport
* Presentation
* Network
Correct answer: E
Layer 6 the Presentation layers performs this function.
# Identify the 3 methods routers learn paths to destinations?
* Dynamic routing
* None of the above, configured by default
* Default routes
* Administrative distance
* Static routes
Correct answer: A C E
Routers can learn paths via 3 different sources; static routes, dynamic routing protocols (i.e. RIP) and default routes.
# Identify the purpose of the following command ‘ip route 192.168.100.0 255.255.255.0 10.1.0.1′
* Enabling a dynamic routing protocol
* Creating a static route to the 10.1.0.0 network
* Teaches the router about the distant network 192.168.100.0 and how it can be reached via 10.1.0.1
* Assigning the IP address 192.168.100.0 to an interface
Correct answer: C
A static routes teaches the router about a distant network and the next hop to reach that network. Command syntax:
ip route network-address subnet-mask next-hop-address
# Based upon the 1st octet rule identify the range for a Class A address?
* 1 - 126
* 192 - 223
* 128 - 191
* 1 - 191
Correct answer: A
Class A address has the 1st octet between 1 - 126. Class B between 128 - 191 and Class C between 192 - 223.
# What does a Standard IP Access-list use as test criteria?
* IP source address
* IP source and destination address, protocol numbers and port numbers
* IPX source and destination address
* Source MAC address
Correct answer: A
Standard IP access list use only source address.
# What is the function of the Transport layer and which protocols reside there?
* MAC addressing - IP
* Interhost communication - SQL, NFS
* Best effort Packet delivery - TCP, UDP
* End-to-end connections - TCP, UDP
Correct answer: D
Layer 4, the Transport layer, is responsible for end-to-end connections. The two TCP/IP protocols that reside there are TCP and UDP.
# Identify the 3 Internet layer IP protocols?
* NetBios
* IPX
* ARP
* IP
* RARP
Correct answer: C D E
NetBios and IPX are not layer 3 IP protocols. IP - Internet Protocol, ARP - Address Resolution Protocol and RARP - Reverse Address Resolution Protocol.
# IPX routing updates occur how often?
* Every 30 seconds
* Every 60 seconds
* Only as needed
* When the remote router asks for an update
Correct answer: B
IPX RIP updates are exchanged every 60 seconds.
# Identify 3 methods not used to prevent routing loops?
* Holddown timers
* Sequence numbers
* Triggered updates
* Split horizon
* Area hierarchies
* Order of router startup
Correct answer: B E F
Area hierarchies, sequence numbers and order of router startup all relate to Link State routing protocols which do NOT incur routing loops.
# Identify the hardware component that stores the bootstrap program?
* ROM
* NVRAM
* Booter load
* RAM
* Flash
Correct answer: A
ROM contains the boot strap code.
# Which OSI layer provides mechanical, electrical, procedural for activating, maintaining physical link?
* Presentation
* Network
* Application
* Physical
* Transport
* Data-Link
Correct answer: D
Layer 1 the Physical layer performs this function.
# Identify 2 characteristics of PPP?
* Uses LLC to establish the link
* Default serial encapsulation
* Support multiple layer 3 protocols
* Offers two types of authentication; PAP and CHAP
Correct answer: C D
PPP is not the default encapsulation and uses LCP not LLC to establish the link. It support multiple layer 3 protocols and supports authentication.
# Identify 3 characteristics of a connection oriented protocol?
* Path determination
* Flow control
* Acknowledgements
* Uses hop count as metric
* 3 step handshake
Correct answer: B C E
Connection oriented protocols must first establish the connection (3 step handshake), employ methods to acknowledge the receipt of data (acknowledgements) and slow down the flow of data if required (flow control).
# What is the maximum hop count for IP RIP?
* Infinity
* 16
* 15
* 1
Correct answer: C
# is the maximum hop count, underscoring the size limitation of RIP.
# What is Cisco’s default encapsulation method on serial interfaces?
* ANSI
* Cisco
* Q933a
* HDLC
Correct answer: D
Cisco’s implementation of HDLC is only compatible with Cisco routers. It is the default encapsulation type for serial interfaces.
# Which of the following is a characteristic of a switch, but not of a repeater?
* Switches forward packets based on the IPX or IP address in the frame
* Switches forward packets based on the IP address in the frame
* Switches forward packets based on the MAC address in the frame
* Switches forward packets based only on the IP address in the packet
Correct answer: C
A repeater regenerates the signal it receives, a switch makes decisions based upon MAC addresses to determine whether a frame should be forwarded. Repeaters forward all packets.
# Ping uses which Internet layer protocol?
* RARP
* ICMP
* ARP
* FTP
Correct answer: B
Internet Control Message Protocol - ICMP is a management protocol and messaging service provider for IP. Its messages are carried as IP datagrams.
ICMP is used in the following events:
Destination Unreachable - If a router cannot send an IP packet any further, it uses an ICMP echo to send a message back to the sender notifying it that the remote node is unreachable.
Buffer Full - If a routers memory buffer is full ICMP will send out a message to the originator.
Hops - Each IP datagram is assigned a path. This consists of hops. If it goes through the maximum number of hops, the packet is discarded and the discarding router sends an ICMP echo to the host.
Ping - Ping use ICMP echo message to check connectivity.
# Which is true regarding store-and-forward switching method?
* Latency varies depending on frame-length
* Latency is constant
* It is default for all Cisco switches
* It only reads the destination hardware address before forwarding the frame
Correct answer: A
Store-and-Forward switching copies the entire frame into its buffer and computes the CRC. If a CRC error is detected, the frame is discarded, or if the frame is a runt (less than 64 bytes including the CRC) or a giant (more than 1518 bytes including the CRC). The LAN switch then looks up the destination address in its switching table and determines the outgoing interface. The frame is then forwarded to the outgoing interface. Cisco Catalyst 5000 switches uses the Store-and-Forward method. The problem with Store-and-Forward switching is latency is increased. Latency also varies with the size of the frame. The larger the frame, the more latency associated. This of course is due to the fact that the entire frame is copied into its buffer before being forwarded.
# Which three of the following are true statements about connection-oriented sessions?
* The segments delivered are acknowledged back to the sender upon their reception
* Any segments not acknowledged the are retransmitted by the receiver
* A manageable data flow is maintained in order to avoid congestion, overloading and loss of any data
* Segments are sequenced back into their proper order upon arrival at their destination
Correct answer: A C D
Connection-oriented services are useful for transmitting data from applications that are intolerant of delays and packet re-sequencing. FTP and Telnet applications are based on connection-oriented services as well as some voice and video programs. Any segment that is not acknowledged by the received is retransmitted by the sender.
# What does a metric of 16 hops represent when using RIP?
* Number of hops to the destination
* Destination unreachable
* Number of routers
* Bandwidth
Correct answer: B
Routing Information Protocol (RIP) is a distance vector routing protocol that used hop count as its metric. The maximum hop count is 15, 16 hops is considered unreachable. RIP updates are broadcast every 30 seconds by default. RIP has an administrative distance of 120.
# You need to come up with a TCP/IP addressing scheme for your company. Which two factors must you consider when you define the subnet mask for the network?
* The location of DHCP servers
* The volume of traffic on each subnet
* The number of subnets on the network
* The location of the default gateway
* The number of host IDs on each subnet

Correct answer: C E
When determining which subnet mask to use, you must determine how many hosts and how many subnets are required.
# What is the difference between TCP and UDP?
* TCP is connection-oriented; UDP uses acknowledgements only
* TCP is connection-oriented; UDP is connectionless
* Both TCP and UDP are connection-oriented, but only TCP uses windowing
* TCP and UDP both have sequencing, but UDP is connectionless
The correct answer(s): B
TCP provides guaranteed connection oriented delivery of packets, UDP does not.
# What does the ‘S’ mean when looking at the routing table?
* Statically connected
* Directly connected
* Dynamically attached
* Shutdown route
Correct answer: A
Statically connected routes are those that an administrator has manually entered into the routing table.
# Why would you use static routing instead of dynamic routing?
* When you want automatic updates of the routing tables
* All the time
* When you have very few routes and want to conserve bandwidth
* When you have a gateway of last resort
Correct answer: C
Static routes are typically used when there are very few routes and you want to conserve bandwidth. Since routing protocols are constantly sending their updates across the wire, it can cause a great deal of congestion.
# On Cisco catalyst 5000 how would you set the second port on the controller in the first slot to full duplex?
* Set port duplex 1/1 full
* Set port duplex 1/2 full
* Set port duplex 0/1 full
* Set port duplex 0/2 full
Correct answer: B
The syntax is: set type duplex slot/port
# What does the acronym ARP stand for?
* Address Resolution Phase
* ARP Resolution Protocol
* Address Resolution Protocol
* Address Recall Protocol
Correct answer: C
The Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) resolved IP addresses to MAC addresses.
# What is the default encapsulation of Netware 3.12?
* Ethernet_II
* 802.5
* 802.2
* 802.3
Correct answer: C
The 802.2 Frame Type is the default frame-type for Netware 3.12.
# Regarding frame relay, which of the following statements are true?
* You must use ANSI encapsulation if connecting to non-Cisco equipment
* You must use IETF encapsulation if connecting to non-Cisco equipment
* You must use Q.933a encapsulation if connecting to non-Cisco equipment
* You must use Cisco encapsulation if connecting to non-Cisco equipment
Correct answer: B
Cisco’s encapsulation for Frame relay is proprietary. To communicate with non-Cisco equipment when using frame-relay encapsulation, the IETF method must be used.
# What is required to support full-duplex Ethernet?
* Multiple paths between multiple stations on a link
* Automatic sensing operation by all connected stations
* Loopback and collision detection disabled
* Full-duplex NIC cards
Correct answer: C D
Full duplex ethernet requires that the NIC supports full-duplex, and loopback and collision detection are disabled.
# Which layer is responsible for determining if sufficient resources for the intended communication exists?
* Application
* Network
* Session
* Presentation
* Transport
Correct answer: A
The Application layer is responsible for determining if sufficient resources for the intended communication exists.
# What are the 2 functions of the Data Link Mac layer?
* Handles access to shared media
* Manages protocol access to the physical network medium
* Provides SAPs for higher level protocols
* Allows multiple devices to uniquely identify one another on the data link layer
Correct answer: B D
Media Access Control (MAC) -The MAC sublayer manages protocol access to the physical network medium. The IEEE MAC specification defines MAC addresses, which allow multiple devices to uniquely identify one another at the data link layer.
# Describe End to End network services: (Choose all that apply)
* Best Route selection
* Accomplished Segment by Segment, each segment is autonomous
* Flow Control & Data Integrity
* Best efforts packet delivery
Correct answer: A B C D
All of the above End to End network services.
# Which of the following provide correct information about a protocol at the transport layer of the OSI model?
* UDP - Provides Connectionless datagrams service
* TCP - Provides Connection Oriented Services
* SMTP - Provides Mail Exchange
* IP - Route determination
* TCP - Provides Flow Control and Error Checking
* FTP - Transfers of Files
Correct answer: A B E
Only TCP and UDP work at the Transport layer of the above choices. IP is a Network layer protocol. SMTP and FTP are application layer protocols.
# Which protocol works at the Internet layer and is responsible for making routing decisions?
* UDP
* IP
* TCP
* ARP
Correct answer: B
Internet Protocol - IP provides routing and a single interface to the upper layers. No upper layer protocol and now lower layer protocol have any functions relating to routing. IP receives segments from the transport layer and fragments them into packets including the hosts IP address.
# Which layer is responsible for providing mechanisms for multiplexing upper-layer application, session establishment, and tear down of virtual circuits?
* Session
* Network
* Physical
* Transport
* Application
* Presentation
Correct answer: D
The Transport layer does the following: Responsible for end-to-end integrity of data transmission. Handles multiplexing upper-layer application, session establishment and tear down of virtual circuits. Hides details of network dependent info from the higher layers by providing transparent data transfer. The ‘windows’ works at this level to control how much information is transferred before an acknowledgement is required.
# Which of the following are logged when IP access list logging is enabled?
* source address
* protocol
* source port
* destination address
* access list number
* destination port
Correct answer: A B C D E F
All of the above are logged when IP access list logging is enabled.
# What’s the default CDP holdtime in seconds for Cisco routers?
* 30 seconds
* 180 seconds
* 90 seconds
* 60 seconds
Correct answer: B
Cisco Discovery Protocol is a proprietary protocol to allow you to access configuration information on other routers and switches with a single command. It uses SNAP at the Data-Link Layer. By default CDP sends out a broadcast every 60 seconds and it holds this information for 180 seconds. CDP is enabled by default.
# Which two of the following protocols are used at the Transport layer?
* ARP
* UDP
* ICMP
* RARP
* TCP
* BootP
Correct answer: B E
TCP and UDP operate at the Transport layer.
# LAN stands for which of the following?
* Local Area Network
* Local Arena Network
* Local Area News
* Logical Area Network
Correct answer: A
LAN stands for Local Area Network
# Choose three reasons why the networking industry uses a layered model:
* It facilitates systematic troubleshooting
* It allows changes in one layer to occur without changing other layers
* It allows changes to occur in all layers when changing one protocol
* It clarifies how to do it rather than what general function to be done
* It clarifies what general function is to be done rather than how to do it
Correct answer: A B E
Why do we have a Layered Model?
1) It reduces complexity
2) Allows for a standardized interface
3) Facilitates modular engineering
4) Ensures interoperable technology
5) Accelerates evolution
6) Simplifies teaching and learning
# Which layer is responsible for identifying and establishing the availability of the intended communication partner?
* Application
* Presentation
* Transport
* Session
* Network
Correct answer: A
The Application layer performs the following: Synchronizing sending and receiving applications. Program-to program communication. Identify and establish the availability of the intended communication partner, and determine if sufficient resources exist for the communication. Popular application protocols include WWW, SMTP, EDI, FTP, Telnet, and SNMP

leily

是不是太多了？

auphil

厉害，很多问题都不会看来做不了　Network Engineer.. 这个是interview定是考试
不过资料很多谢谢分享　

leily

呵呵，好象坛子里要做这个的人蛮多的，希望对大家有用啦。

training

请问这个是真的面试题么？？？？？？？？

leily

原帖由 training 于 3-6-2007 19:35 发表
请问这个是真的面试题么？？？？？？？？

最后一段是CCNA的题目，其他的是面试题。

怎么？有问题么？

training

没什么问题，只是想知道澳洲那边真正面试题。。。。

leily

原帖由 training 于 3-6-2007 19:52 发表
没什么问题，只是想知道澳洲那边真正面试题。。。。

哦，这个我就帮不上了。。。我这只是一些资料，给大家参考用的，面试究竟会问什么问题要问面试官了。就是同一个面试官两次面试也未必会问同样的问题。

conty

娘诶 这么多题目
有差不多1/3都不知道

leily

这些题目只是给大家做参考，目的有两个，一个，你大概看过一遍，如果被问到哪一个，总归有点印象，不打无准备之仗，二个，有可能你有些回答英文怎么讲不是非常确定，格么有点参考价值。

阿土仔

支持。这样论坛技术气氛可以更好些。：）

winnieshaw

支持leily ..... ...
一定要幸福哦.

canberraharbour

第一个问题的回答有误，10base2和10base5是这样的：
10是指速录10M，base是指基带速率，2是指2个100米，5是指5个100米。
10base2的媒体距离是185米约等于200米，10base5的媒体距离是500米。
10base2和10base5都最多只能5个网段由4个中继器连接起来。
10base2最长跨距185×5=925m，10base5最长跨距500×5=2500m

原答案
1. What are 10Base2, 10Base5 and 10BaseT Ethernet LANs
10Base2—An Ethernet term meaning a maximum transfer rate of 10 Megabits per second that uses baseband
signaling, with a contiguous cable segment length of 100
meters and a maximum of 2 segments.
10Base5—An Ethernet term meaning a maximum transfer rate of 10 Megabits per second that uses baseband
signaling, with 5 continuous segments not exceeding 100
meters per segment.

[ 本帖最后由 canberraharbour 于 15-9-2007 20:15 编辑 ]

conty

10Base2/5已经见不到了啵

dlcat

题似乎有点老,不管怎么说,谢谢了.

howard_z

THANKS A LOT

triseel

想问lz一句， 这是lz真实经历的考题吗？ 这已经横跨了Embedded OS， TCP/IP， route management protocol， Linux OS， 相关知识了， 国内面试的水准如果要求高我觉得也差不多这样了， 不知道是否是澳洲那边真实经历的， 或是说所经历的汇总， 十分感谢lz。

pal2002

国内的，不是澳洲的，不过it业都差不多的吧。。。

shanhainoon

建议楼主 向 qian403打听一下, 他是网络软件工程师

伊宁

如果面试考得这么细的，一般都不是什么好工作，呵呵

一般比较好工作都是跟老板见面聊聊天就搞定的。或者没面试前已经在之前的项目帮过老板忙，老板直接拉你过去的，呵呵

Komodo

原帖由 伊宁 于 27-8-2009 16:57 发表

                               
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如果面试考得这么细的，一般都不是什么好工作，呵呵

一般比较好工作都是跟老板见面聊聊天就搞定的。或者没面试前已经在之前的项目帮过老板忙，老板直接拉你过去的，呵呵

非常同意，问技术问得很细的，基本不用去了

起码国内是这样

flyingying

原帖由 出国_ 于 27-8-2009 19:28 发表

                               
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非常同意，问技术问得很细的，基本不用去了

起码国内是这样

为什么呢？大公司都会有技术面试的，经常包含有技术的笔试啊。

johnnycao

感谢分享。