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a study from monash uni
http://www.monash.edu.au/miri/research/reports/muarc057.pdf
While young drivers are often involved in crashes involving speed and risk taking, the elderly
tend to be involved in crashes occurring at below-average speeds (Fildes, Rumbold & Leening,
1991), and they are frequently involved in multi-vehicle crashes particularly in complex traffic
situations such as at intersections, when altering direction or entering a traffic flow (Ernst &
O’Connor, 1988; Transport Research Board, 1988).
Further, research indicates that not only are the elderly over-represented in multi-vehicle and
intersection crashes, but that they are also more frequently responsible for these accidents
(Cooper, 1990). Cooper suggests that this could be due to more errors in perception, in
judgement, in decision-making and in reaction time on the part of the elderly driver. Stamatiadis,
Taylor and McKelvey (1991) found that elderly drivers experience problems in proper handling
of left turns, frequently causing accidents involving turns at intersections.
2.2 RISK FACTORS FOR OLDER DRIVERS
As drivers age various capabilities relevant to driving such as vision, hearing, memory,
information processing, reaction time and ability to rotate neck and muscle control decline
(Evans, 1991) and evidence suggests that the increase in accident rate among older drivers is
attributable to these decrements combined with an increased risk of injury and death following
trauma (Gebers and Peck, 1992).
Specific accident risks for the elderly are believed to manifest in situations requiring fast and
accurate reactions, in particular, complex and unexpected or time critical situations and it is
suggested that age-related changes accumulate in the elderly driver to a point where they
overwhelm normal attempts at compensation (Yanik and Monforton, 1991). |
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